镉和铅对芦蒿和黄花水龙根系可溶性糖含量和叶片中叶绿素含量的影响

[目的]为环境检测中评价芦蒿和黄花水龙被镉和铅污染的程度提供理论依据。[方法]以芦蒿和黄花水龙的幼茎为材料,预处理后分别置于含镉或铅的1／2Hoagland营养液中培养,Cd^2＋浓度设0、1、5、10、20、50μmol／L;Pb^2＋浓度设0、1、10、20、50、100μmol／L,处理7d后,测定根系中可溶性糖含量和叶片中叶绿素含量。[结果]随着镉浓度的增加,芦蒿根系中可溶性含糖量先下降后上升再下降;同一镉处理下。黄花水龙根系的可溶性糖含量呈下降趋势;用铅处理时,2种植物根系中的可溶性糖含量均随铅浓度的增加而下降;随着镉和铅浓度的增加,2种植物叶片的叶绿素含量均为先上升后下降。[结论]2种植物根系内的可溶性糖含量对重金属的胁迫反应敏感,可将其作为检测重金属毒害的一项生理指标。     

长萼鸡眼草种子硬实破除方法探讨

长萼鸡眼草为优良园林地被植物,其繁殖方式以播种为主,但种子硬实率极高,严重影响种子的吸胀及萌发.实验采用浓硫酸酸蚀、温水处理、机械摩擦等多种方法解除种子硬实,结果表明:以浓硫酸酸蚀6min和60℃温水浸种10min两种处理方式为宜.发芽率可分别达到91.33%和94.67%.     

Molecular Networking Leveraging the Secondary Metabolomes Space of Halophila stipulaceae (Forsk.) Aschers. and Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb. ex Solms) Asch. in Tandem with Their Chemosystematics and Antidiabetic Potentials

The Red Sea is one of the most biodiverse aquatic ecosystems. Notably, seagrasses possess a crucial ecological significance. Among them are the two taxa Halophila stipulacea (Forsk.) Aschers., and Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb. ex Solms) Asch., which were formally ranked together with the genus Enhalus in three separate families. Nevertheless, they have been recently classified as three subfamilies within Hydrocharitaceae. The interest of this study is to explore their metabolic profiles through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS/MS) analysis in synergism with molecular networking and to assess their chemosystematics relationship. A total of 144 metabolites were annotated, encompassing phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and lipids. Furthermore, three new phenolic acids; methoxy benzoic acid-O-sulphate (16), O-caffeoyl-O-hydroxyl dimethoxy benzoyl tartaric acid (26), dimethoxy benzoic acid-O-sulphate (30), a new flavanone glycoside; hexahydroxy-monomethoxy flavanone-O-glucoside (28), and a new steviol glycoside; rebaudioside-O-acetate (96) were tentatively described. Additionally, the evaluation of the antidiabetic potential of both taxa displayed an inherited higher activity of H. stipulaceae in alleviating the oxidative stress and dyslipidemia associated with diabetes. Hence, the current research significantly suggested Halophila, Thalassia, and Enhalus categorization in three different taxonomic ranks based on their intergeneric and interspecific relationship among them and supported the consideration of seagrasses in natural antidiabetic studies.     

长萼鸡眼草种子硬实破除方法探讨

摘要：长萼鸡眼草为优良园林地被植物,其繁殖方式以播种为主,但种子硬实率极高, 严重影响种子的吸胀及萌发。本实验采用浓硫酸酸蚀、温水处理、机械摩擦等多种方法解除种子硬实,结果表明：以浓硫酸酸蚀6min和60℃温水浸种10min两种处理方式为宜,发芽率可分别达到91.33%和94.67% 。     

EM菌与水生植物黄花水龙(Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi)联合作用去除富营养化水体中氮磷的效应

采用人工自然模拟试验方法,研究了EM菌与水生植物黄花水龙（Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi）联合作用对污水水质改善的影响。结果表明,EM菌对水体中氮、磷的去除有一定的效果,尤其是对氨氮的去除效果最好。对于污水中氨氮的去除率,固定EM和水生植物结合非固定EM的处理都达到了92％左右,但单独EM菌处理对水体磷的去除效果较差,只有20％左右。黄花水龙与不固定EM菌的联合处理去除氮和磷的效果最好,在处理12d期间内,对NH4^＋-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达98．1％、53．6％和47．4％。有关植物与EM联合作用降低水体中氮和磷的机制有待进一步研究。     

A low cost field‐survey method for mapping seagrasses and their potential threats: an example from the northern Gulf of Aqaba,Red Sea

1. In the Gulf of Aqaba (GoA), coral reefs are considered the dominating ecosystem, while seagrass meadows, recognized worldwide as important ecosystems, have received little attention. Absence of comprehensive seagrass maps limits awareness, evaluations of associated ecosystem services, and implementation of conservation and management tools. 2. Presented here are the first detailed maps of seagrass meadows along the Israeli coast of the northern GoA. Mapping was performed by snorkelling along transects perpendicular to the shore above meadows growing at 15–25 m. Measurements along these transects included position, meadow depth and visual estimations of seagrass cover. Shallow boundaries of meadows, parallel to shore, were recorded by GPS tracking. Supplementary work included drop‐camera boat surveys to determine the position of the deeper edge of meadows. In addition, GIS layers were created that indicated shoreline infrastructures, near‐shore human activities and potential pollution threats. Ecosystem services of seagrass meadows mapped were valuated using a benefit transfer approach. 3. In total, 9.7 km of the 11 km shoreline were surveyed and 2830 data points collected. Seagrasses were growing along 7.5 km of the shoreline, with shallow (15–25 m) meadows found to cover an area of 707 000 m² and valued at more than US$ 2 000 000 yr^‐1 in associated ecosystem services. Pilot drop‐camera surveys (additional 283 data points) indicated that meadows can extend down to 50 m in some places. Coastal uses and threats varied in character and location. A municipality runoff point and drainage canal located close to the largest meadow were identified as the main threats to local seagrasses. 4. These low‐cost methods enhance our understanding of seagrass distribution in the northern GoA. They demonstrate a GIS‐based tool for assessing how environmental changes might affect the cover and state of seagrasses, improving efforts to conserve seagrass, and have particular relevance to seagrass mapping in developing countries and/or island nations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄花水龙种植对红罗非鱼养殖池塘污染物的影响

为研究浮床栽培黄花水龙(0％、5％种植面积)对红罗非鱼养殖池塘污染物的影响,测定CODMn、Chl.a、TN、NH3-N、NO2--N、NO3--N、TP、PO43--P等水质指标.结果表明,与对照组相比,黄花水龙能显著降低红罗非鱼养殖池塘水体中Chl.a、NH3-N、NO2--N指标,也能显著降低CODMn、TP、T...     

水龙在不同富营养水体中光合特性的变化

对水龙在不同富营养水体中生长时的光合生理生态特征变化进行了测定。结果表明,水龙可以在一定的富营养水平下正常生长,光合速率及表观量子产额表现为上升的趋势,叶绿素含量也相应增加;但在超富营养条件下,水龙植株的生长受到抑制,光合速率及呼吸速率均呈现出显著的下降趋势,气孔导度表现为上升的趋势,表观量子产额呈下降趋势,叶绿素含量尤其是叶绿素a含量受到显著影响;培养至38 d后,植株全部死亡。