Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

Analysis of Physicochemical Indexes of Junggar Bactrian Camel Milk

This study was aimed to systematically analyze the difference of camel milk physicochemical index of different seasons,stage of lactation,production sites and milk station.Collected 18 372 testing data about raw camel milk quality which were purchased by a company in 2015.The range of each index was determined by the four point test method,SAS 8.1 least squares analysis of variance were performed on the processed data.The results showed that different area,milk stations,stage of lactation and season effect of camel milk had extremely significant influence (P<0.01) on the relative density,fat,non fat milk solid,milk protein,lactose,freezing point and ash.Therefore,the reproduction and childbirth of Bactrian camel had strong periodicity and seasonality,lead to a larger difference in camel milk yield and physicochemical index of different seasons and months within a year,at the same time,camel milk producers could learn about the quality of camel milk situation of different production sites,milk station,stage of lactation and season using such analysis methods,the quality of camel milk product was determines by the physical and chemical indicators and health conditions of the raw camel milk.     

准噶尔盆地南部农区野生饲用植物资源研究

为了解准噶尔盆地南部农区野生饲用植物资源,调查研究了该区域野生饲用植物的科属组成及其生活型和生态型特点,并对其适口性和营养价值进行了分析。结果表明：该区共有野生饲用植物34科145属214种,优势科有禾本科(38属71种)、藜科(18属22种)、菊科(15属21种)、豆科(14属19种)、苋科(8属11种)、十字花科(8属10种);生活型植物以草本植物(1～2年生124种,多年生62种)为主,占86.92%,木本植物有28种,占13.08%;生态型植物以中生为主(183种)。依据适口性可将该区野生饲用植物划分为优、良、中、低4个等级,其中优等95种、良等77种、中等36种、低等6种。营养成分丰富且适口性较好的饲用植物主要集中在禾本科(21种)、豆科(17种)和藜科(13种)。     

准噶尔盆地绿洲-沙漠过渡带植被时空演变特征

通过对准噶尔盆地绿洲-沙漠过渡带的植被种群和覆盖度的调查,以及1989年和2000年两期TM影像景观格局的解译,运用时间动态度和Ripley's K函数的方法分析了准噶尔盆地绿洲-沙漠过渡带植被的时空变化特征.结果表明,1989～2000年,研究区内人为垦地幅度较大,农田面积增加,而天然植被区域被垦地利用或破坏,造成植被面积减少,总的覆盖度降低,同时沙化面积加大.     

仿驼步行足的研究

生活在沙漠地区的骆驼,不仅对沙漠环境具有很强的适应性,而且具有很好的通过沙地能力。本文通过对驼足结构、运动方式及对沙地作用等的分析,根据仿生原理,提出了仿驼步行的设计原理与方法,研制了仿驼足机构,并对其进行了试验。结果表明,此足性能良好,为开发步行车辆提供了依据。     

利用水作溶剂提取油茶粕中茶皂素的工艺研究

以油茶饼粕为原材料,采用水作提取溶剂,通过单因素试验研究了液固比、温度、时间和 pH 值对油茶饼粕中茶皂素提取率的影响,并采用正交试验确定最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明：在液固比为11∶1,浸提温度为80℃、浸提时间为6 h、pH为9时,茶皂素的提取率可达95.50%。     

骆驼科动物的比较生物学特性

对骆驼科的3属6种动物,双峰驼、美洲驼、羊驼、原驼和骆马的地理分布、形态特征、饮食习性、行为学、生殖特性及生存环境等进行了系统的阐述,以期为人们在研究骆驼科动物的生物学特性时提供参考。     

内蒙古4种家畜乳硒含量测定及评价

[目的] 探明内蒙古4种家畜乳的硒含量水平。[方法] 从内蒙古东北部到西部8个旗县采集双峰驼、蒙古马、萨能山羊和荷斯坦牛4种家畜代表性混合乳样48份,涉及188头（只/匹）动物个体乳样。利用原子荧光光谱法测定乳硒含量,并对乳硒含量的地区和畜种差异进行统计学分析和比较。[结果] 4种家畜乳硒含量存在地区差异：阿拉善左旗双峰驼乳硒含量[（5.96±0.41）μg/kg]约为鄂温克族自治旗双峰驼乳硒含量[（2.89±0.12）μg/kg]的2倍;呼和浩特市荷斯坦牛乳硒含量[（8.74±0.22）μg/kg]约为鄂温克族自治旗荷斯坦牛乳硒含量[（2.26±0.41）μg/kg]的3.8倍;正蓝旗蒙古马乳硒含量[（6.65±0.57）μg/kg]约为鄂温克族自治旗蒙古马乳硒含量[（1.02±0.42）μg/kg]的6.5倍;同在西部区,杭锦旗萨能山羊乳硒含量为[（8.95±1.32）μg/kg],略高于五原县萨能山羊乳硒含量[（6.28±0.80）μg/kg],但二者差异不显著（P>0.05）。家畜种类不同乳中硒含量也存在差异：双峰驼、萨能山羊和荷斯坦牛的乳硒含量整体高于蒙古马;萨能山羊乳硒含量显著（P<0.05）高于蒙古马乳。4种家畜乳硒含量数据都较为离散,提示乳中硒含量不仅存在跨东西部地区的差异,还可能存在局部地质丰度效应,也可能与外来饲草料和舔砖等有关。[结论] 内蒙古家畜乳硒含量整体较低,并存在东北部显著低于中西部地区的现象;富硒饲养是内蒙古地区养殖业和乳品加工业高品质发展的一个有效途径。     

准噶尔盆地梭梭沙质荒漠土壤有机碳分布特征的研究

为研究环境因子对梭梭荒漠土壤有机碳含量的影响,采用路线调查和典型样地布设相结合方法,对准噶尔盆地典型梭梭沙质荒漠0—100 cm不同土层土壤有机碳进行测定,揭示其土壤有机碳分布特征及其与环境因子之间的内在关系。结果表明,0—100 cm各土层土壤有机碳含量变化范围为0.00～11.46 g·kg-1,均呈中等变异水平,且随土层深度的增加土壤有机碳含量呈降低趋势。梭梭荒漠土壤有机碳含量是白梭梭荒漠土壤有机碳含量的1.40倍（P<0.05）,由此表明,梭梭荒漠的固碳能力更强。冗余分析结果表明,引起梭梭荒漠土壤有机碳含量空间变异的主要影响因素是土壤pH、植被覆盖度和土壤含水量,为退化梭梭荒漠的恢复治理及可持续利用提供理论依据。     

阿尔金山北麓野骆驼生境植被调查研究

阿尔金山北麓是野生双峰驼的主要分布地区之一,在该地区野生双峰驼的生境内设立样线样方,对野生双峰驼生境内沙漠植被组成、地理区系和群落多样性等特征进行调查分析。结果表明,该地区的沙漠植物较为稀少,有9科17属17种植物,植物区系倾向于集中在少数大科和单种属内,优势科属的组成较少;该地区植物科的地理分布型有3种,属有5种地理分布型和2个变型,总体植物区系的温带性质较为明显,并呈现了与古地中海成分的相关性;该地区的植物群落物种组成稀少,结构单一,群落多样性指数较低,这与荒漠植物生境的严酷性有密切关系。