苹果品种‘秦阳’在河南商丘的引种表现及栽培技术

秦阳是西北农林科技大学育成的早熟苹果新品种,2009年在商丘地区引种试栽观察。该品种果实扁圆形,单果重153g,果面着鲜红色,果肉细、脆、多汁,酸甜适口。可溶性固形物含量13.31%,去皮硬度8.72kg/cm2,品质上等。8月上旬成熟,抗病性好,综合性状优,是一个适合在商丘地区推广栽植的优良早熟品种。     

日本大豆种质十胜长叶对我国大豆育成品种的遗传贡献分析

日本大豆品种十胜长叶是引进种质在我国大豆育种中利用最多的品种之一.对2005年以前利用十胜长叶育成的195个大豆品种进行了系谱分析,旨在明确十胜长叶对各育成品种的遗传贡献率,总结其利用方式,为国外种质的利用提供依据.通过分析发现,利用十胜长叶衍生育成的品种分布在吉林、黑龙江、辽宁、北京4个省市,它所衍生的品种数分别为96个、89个、8个和2个;平均遗传贡献率分别为13.04%、14.99%、20.31%和7.81%.其中92.2%的品种是由杂交育成的.十胜长叶对这些品种的遗传贡献率范围为0.78%～50.00%,以遗传贡献率为12.50%、6.25%和25%的衍生品种数较多,占衍生品种总数的77.3%,说明十胜长叶的利用以至少三交效果比较好,通过复交有利于聚合国内外品种的优良特性.十胜长叶在我国大豆育种中的成功利用说明,通过与当地品种杂交选育创造优良中间材料是利用国外引进种质改良我国大豆品种的有效育种途径.     

崇西潮滩湿地木本工程物种引种的初步研究

崇西湖滩湿地高潮区引种工程物种成活率及生长状况的研究结果表明：（1）根据物种的成活率来看,对潮汐干扰适应性表现最好的物种有落雨杉、沼生栎和喜树;表现较好的有细叶水团花、江南桤木、木麻黄、枫杨、重阳木、鸟桕和白杜;表现一般的有彩叶杞柳、海滨木槿和构树;表现较差的为常青白蜡;不能适应的有美国复叶槭、朴树、榉树、苦楝、枸杞、桑和枣。除了喜树和构树没有变化外,其他工程物种第2年的成活率较第1年都有了不同程度的下降;（2）综合各工程物种引种2年后的生长指标（高度、冠辐和胸径等）,成活的乔木物种中,江南桤木的生长态势最好,生长速度最快,其他生长态势较好的有落雨杉、沼生栎和木麻黄;成活的灌木中,海滨木槿、彩叶杞柳和细叶水团花的生长态势较好;（3）综合引种物种的成活率和生长指标,崇西湿地高潮区在今后大规模营建有林湿地的过程中,江南桤木是应该重点引种的乔木物种,其他推荐的引种乔木还有落雨杉、沼生栎、木麻黄;细叶水团花是最适宜引种的灌木,而彩叶杞柳和海滨木槿可以进行适量的引种,并加以精细的维护和管理,同样可以达到增加景观多样性的效果。     

松辽白鹅配套系选育初报

以匈牙利鹅、莱籽鹅和吉林省农业科学院选育的绒肉兼用鹅作基础素材,进行品系选育,采用三系或四系选出生长速度快、绒肉产量高、繁殖性能好、肉质好、抗病力强的肉鹅配套系。结果表明:与本地白鹅相比,A系♂×B♀、AB系♂×C系♀杂交后代70日龄体重提高了22.32%和16.67%,饲料转化率提高了7.3%和11.2%,育雏成活率提高了16.5%和15.5%。杂交鹅群体整齐度分别为83%和80%。     

13个引进砂梨品种生物学性状评价

2007～2009年对引进的13个新品种在遵义地区试种后的植株长势、枝叶花的特征、果实经济性状、各个品种的物候期反应和开花结果习性等生物学性状进行了调查.13个引进品种中,生物学性状综合评价表现最好是梨精47,其次是黄金梨、早香蜜和西子绿,再次是新2号、新8号、绿宝石和杂交37.加上配套的栽培技术措施,梨精47、黄金梨、西子绿和新8号可在遵义地区适量发展.     

First record and redescription of the introduced sea anemone Sagartia ornata (Holdsworth, 1855) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Sagartiidae) from South Africa

The brooding sea anemone Sagartia ornata is reported from South Africa for the first time and is redescribed. The species is abundant intertidally in Langebaan Lagoon, where it attaches to stones shal lowly buried in sediment. It is probably a recent intro duction from Europe.     

Ecological consequences of invasive lake trout on river otters in Yellowstone National Park

The introduction of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) to Yellowstone Lake in Yellowstone National Park has contributed to a significant decline in the endangered Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri), leading to concern over the persistence of this subspecies but also to piscivorous predators in this community. We assessed the impact of lake trout on a key piscivore, the river otter (Lontra canadensis) in two lakes in Yellowstone National Park. Yellowstone Lake continues to support a native cutthroat trout population, although the recent introduction of lake trout has dramatically impacted the cutthroat trout population. Nearby Lewis Lake has an entirely introduced fish fauna of lake trout, brown trout (Salmo trutta), and Utah chub (Gilia atraria) but lacks cutthroat trout. Analysis of otter scat from Yellowstone Lake implicated trout (lake or cutthroat trout) as a major prey item (57% of scat), whereas stable isotopes identified longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus) as the primary prey there (58% of diet). By contrast, scat from Lewis Lake implicated minnows, presumably Utah chub, as the primary prey for otters occupying that lake (86%), while stable isotopes implicated brown trout (64%) over both lake trout and Utah chub (36% combined). Our data establish the importance of alternative prey to otters and suggest that lake trout-induced reductions in cutthroat trout may not be catastrophic for otter populations here. These data do not necessarily exonerate lake trout, as their impact on other species, most notably grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and piscivorous birds, has been documented to be substantial, and further data on the nutritional value of alternate prey are required to confirm or refute a working hypothesis that otter populations will continue to thrive in the face of the lake trout invasion.     

应用SSR分子标记分析国外种质对我国小麦品种的遗传贡献

利用363对SSR标记分析了在我国小麦生产和育种中发挥了重要作用的11份国外引进品种和33份选育品种的遗传组成,旨在揭示国外种质对我国小麦品种改良的遗传贡献,指导种质资源引进和利用。国外种质包含了选育品种所发现等位变异的76.3%。与不同时期小麦品种等位基因多样性比较发现,国外种质的平均等位变异数最多(3.92),20世纪60年代(2.86)和70年代(3.01)基本一致,80年代有所升高(3.46)。品种间遗传距离比较与品种等位基因多样性结果相吻合。比较引进和选育品种在SSR位点的等位变异频率变化,发现至少在33个SSR位点,国外种质等位变异在我国小麦育种中被优先选择(该等位变异在引进和选育品种的分布频率均高于70%),其中一些位点已知与产量、生育期和抗病等性状密切相关。表明引进品种在以上基因组区域对我国小麦品种具有非常高的遗传贡献。     

Modelling the population dynamics of the Mt. Graham red squirrel: Can we predict its future in a changing environment with multiple threats?

The Mt. Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis; MGRS) is among the most critically endangered mammals in the United States and is isolated on the periphery of the species’ range, potentially increasing its conservation priority. To investigate potential threats to the population and provide a tool for land managers, we developed a spatially explicit population dynamics model. We tested model predictions using available range-wide data from the literature and field work specific to the MGRS. A general model input data set using mean life history values overpredicted MGRS abundance. However, we found significant correlation with known squirrel abundance using a general data set with curtailed fecundity and survival. A model with MGRS-specific data provided the best fit to observed population size. We investigated potential impacts of two major threats to the MGRS: competition from introduced Abert’s squirrels (Sciurus aberti) and increased levels of predation. Predation and particularly competition could have significant effects on the future population of the MGRS. Careful attention must be used to model the viability of fringe populations as peripheral populations can have a different life history than populations found in the range core.     

烤烟新品种云烟85的引种试验

1997～1998年在安徽的亳州、固镇、明光、宣州、芜湖共5个市县对烤烟新品种云烟85进行了引种试验.结果表明:云烟85在亳州、固镇、宣州、芜湖4个试点的适应性强,烟叶的产量高、质量好、效益高,其主要经济性状和烟叶品质性状均优于NC89,可以大面积示范与推广,但应加强预防气斑病和黑胫病;云烟85在明光试点的适应性较差,不宜大面积推广.