Challenges in developing and implementing a decision support systems (ETÇAP) in forest management planning: a case study in Honaz and Ibradı, Turkey

Decision support systems (DSSs) are indispensable tools in preparing a forest management plan for a better combination of multiple forest values. This study attempted to develop and explain a stand-based forest management DSS (Ecosystem-based multiple-use forest planning [ETÇAP]) comprising a traditional simulation, linear programming (LP), metaheuristics and geographic information system. The model consists of five submodels; traditional management approach to handle inventory data, an empirical growth and yield model, a simulation to conceptualize management actions, a LP technique to optimize resource allocation and a simulated annealing approach to directly create a spatially feasible harvest schedule. The ETÇAP model has been implemented in a comparative two case study areas; Denizli–Honaz and Akseki–Ibrad?. Both simulation and optimization models outperformed to the traditional management plan. The periodical change of growing stock, allowable cuts, carbon sequestration and water production are used as performance indicators. The results showed that more amount of wood could be harvested over time compared to traditional level of harvesting. It could be concluded that various management strategies allowed managers to stimulate more decision options for better outputs through intertemporal trade-offs of management interventions as the model provided tools to quantify forest dynamics over time and space. Challenges exist to establish the functional relationships between forest structure and values for better quantification and integration into the management plans.     

常州市城镇化对工业废水排放量的影响——以江苏省常州市为例

基于熵值法对常州市城市化水平进行评估,以2005~2014年数据为基础观察当地工业废水排放量变化趋势,运用灰色关联分析法研究城镇化对常州工业废水排放量的具体影响。结果表明:经济、人口和社会城镇化是影响工业废水排放量的主要因素;第二产业在工业中占据的比例是影响工业废水排放量的最主要的指标;城镇化的发展对工业废水排放量的影响处于减小趋势。     

我国排灌机械行业战略管理的思考

从经济全球化的要求出发，为迎接国际市场的挑战，结合我国排灌机械行业的现状，提出了行业战略管理的若干设想。     

冀、鲁、豫、苏、皖五省农机夏收跨区作业调研报告

农机跨区作业是我国农民自发进行的又一项伟大的制度创新,为促进我国农业机械化发展做出了重要的贡献.为此,采用问卷调查法、文献资料法和数理统计法,对冀、鲁、豫、苏、皖等省505户参与跨区作业的农机大户进行了问卷调查.以问卷数据为基础,分析了农机大户的自身特征和经营状况,并总结了影响跨农机大户参与跨区作业的主要因素,最后提出了相应的对策建议.     

推进农业产业化经营是贫困地区农业发展的现实途径

本文阐述了推进农业产为化经营是贫因地区农业发展的意义、基础、方法及途径.     

岩土工程勘察作业的重要性与方法

重视岩土工程勘察作业,把握技术分析中的每一环节,强调事先指导、过程控制、事后总结。对于提高岩土工程师的专业技术水平,保证岩土工程勘察质量,促进建设工程的顺利开展,能起到事半功倍的效果。基于岩土工程勘察工作的重要性,从实际的工作经验出发,就勘察前期、中期和后期如何做好岩土工程勘察的外业工作进行了深入探讨,并提出了具体的建议。     

基于文献计量分析的国内外农业规模经营研究热点演化与新兴趋势分析

为梳理总结国内外农业规模经营的总体概况、研究热点和未来发展趋势,以Web of Science核心合集和中国知网CSSCI数据库文献为研究对象,综合运用HistCite和VOSviewer文献计量软件对年度发文量、高被引作者、引文编年图以及热点关键词等进行可视化分析。结果表明：1）国内外农业规模经营年度发文量呈现波动上升态势,且发文集中于国内外权威期刊上。2）国际农业规模经营研究主题丰富,相互之间印证密切,学界研究重点从早期的经济效益逐渐转型到社会和生态效益,主要包括农业生产力、贫困、健康营养、食品安全、气候变化和资源环境等研究方向。3）国内农业规模经营研究虽起步较晚,但鉴于中国特殊国情农情,研究主题更为细化,主要包括粮食安全、农民增收、面源污染、产权制度改革、全要素生产率以及农业社会化服务等研究方向。另外,受国际思潮的影响,中国农业规模经营研究也逐步向气候变化和营养均衡等方面转变。综上,未来中国还需要从农业规模经营基础理论体系构建和研究方法创新、新兴研究方向探索以及加强国际交流合作等方面深化研究。     

CWZX系列型煤热水锅炉的结构设计与性能分析

介绍了CWZX系列型煤热水锅炉的结构特点、环保指标及运行工况测试分析，并和燃油工业锅炉进行了比较。锅炉各参数的测试和运行证明，CWZX系列型煤热水锅炉具有燃烧洁净、高效节能、符合环保要求、价格低、经久耐用等优点，是工业锅炉的一个发展方向。     

工业生产系统环境污染治理理念的探讨

随着世界经济的发展，地球环境日趋恶化。为了人类的生存和发展，必须实施可持续发展战略。文章在分析工业生产系统环境污染产生的原因和过程末端治理弊端的基础上，提出了从源头治理环境污染的理念——宏观上依据热力学第二定律，在中观上采用工业生态学原理，在微观上实施绿色制造和清洁生产，即从客观上运用熵、工业生态学、清洁生产和绿色制造的理论调配资源，组织工业企业，进行生产。最后对排灌机械的可持续发展战略的实施进行了探讨。     

Different responses in bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity to soil deformation by logging machinery on a Ferralsol under native forest

Ferralsols have high structural stability, although structural degradation has been observed to result from forest to tillage or pasture conversion. An experimental series of forest skidder passes in an east Amazonian natural forest was performed for testing the effects of mechanical stress during selective logging operations on a clay‐rich Ferralsol under both dry and wet soil conditions. Distinct ruts formed up to 25 cm depth only under wet conditions. After nine passes the initially very low surface bulk density of between 0.69 and 0.80 g cm^?3 increased to 1.05 g cm^?3 in the wet soil and 0.92 g cm^?3 in the dry soil. Saturated hydraulic conductivities, initially >250 mm h^?1, declined to a minimum of around 10 mm h^?1 in the wet soil after the first pass, and in the dry soil more gradually after nine passes. The contrasting response of bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity is explained by exposure of subsoil material at the base of the ruts where macrostructure rapidly deteriorated under wet conditions. We attribute the resultant moderately high hydraulic conductivities to the formation of stable microaggregates with fine sand to coarse silt textures. We conclude that the topsoil macrostructure of Ferralsols is subject to similar deterioration to that of Luvisols in temperate zones. The stable microstructure prevents marked compaction and decrease in hydraulic conductivity under wetter and more plastic soil conditions. However, typical tropical storms may regularly exceed the infiltration capacity of the deformed soils. In the deeper ruts water may concentrate and cause surface run‐off, even in gently sloping areas. To avoid soil erosion, logging operations in sloping areas should therefore be restricted to dry soil conditions when rut formation is minimal.