Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus—An assessment of the likelihood of introduction and establishment in England and Wales

Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) is an iridovirus that affects perch (Perca fluviatilis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). It emerged in Australia in the 1980s and has not been discovered elsewhere. It causes a high level of mortality in perch resulting in steep population declines. The main possible routes of introduction of the virus to England and Wales are the importation of infected live fish or carcasses. However, no trade in live susceptible species is permitted under current legislation, and no importation of carcasses currently takes place. The virus is hardy and low levels of challenge can infect perch. Therefore, mechanical transmission through the importation of non-susceptible fish species should be considered as a potential route of introduction and establishment. Carp (Cyprinus carpio) have been imported to the UK from Australia for release into still-water fisheries. A qualitative risk assessment concluded that the likelihood of EHNV introduction and establishment in England and Wales with the importation of a consignment of carp was very low. The level of uncertainty at a number of steps in the risk assessment scenario tree was high, notably the likelihood that carp become contaminated with the virus and whether effective contact (resulting in pathogen transmission) is made between the introduced carp and susceptible species in England and Wales. The virus would only establish when the water temperature is greater than 12 °C. Analysis of 10 years of data from two rivers in south-west England indicated that establishment could occur over a period of at least 14 weeks a year in southern England (when average water temperature exceed 12 °C). Imports of live fish from Australia need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to determine which, if any, sanitary measures are required to reduce the assessed risk to an acceptable level.     

西北地区野生动植物进出口管理初探

西北地区(陕、甘、宁、青四省区)野生动植物资源十分丰富,近年来随着改革开放的深入及西部大开发的实施,野生动植物进出口贸易发展迅速;贸易产品由最初以野禽野味、动物皮毛为主向观赏野生动物、中药材、生物提取物、木材、科研样品等商品种类转变,成为该地区重要的创汇来源。为处理好资源保护、履行国际义务和发展经济之间的矛盾,本文拟就野生动植物进出口贸易管理方面提出建议。     

近年来我国野生动植物进出口贸易中的问题分析及对策

通过对2000年、2002年野生动植物进出口贸易额的比对分析，对野生动植物进出口贸易中有关贸易额、贸易价格、中医药、海关记录数据等主要问题进行了具体分析，并对加强野生动植物的进出口管理提出几点建议：规范海关记录、监管标准；加强大宗贸易的审查和管理；推广限额、限价管理；进行全国野生动植物贸易调查；争取某些产品的特惠税制度等。     

Ausnahmen von Quarantäneauflagen für Forschungs- und Züchtungszwecke

Specific harmful organisms whether singly or associated with plants shall not be introduced into the European Community. All activities which would involve these organisms are not allowed. The authorities can make under defined requirements an exception for activities for trial or scientific purposes and for work on varietal selections. The responsible body has to determine conditions which must be satisfied in the case of introductions, movements or activities, in order to ensure that there is no risk of harmful organism spreading. The legal basis is the Commission directive 95/44/EC transferred into German legislation by the Pflanzenbeschauverordnung.     

人民币升值对农产品贸易的影响及对策

通过对人民币升值与农产品贸易现状的分析,结合人民币升值影响农产品进出口贸易的理论依据,运用简单计量模型研究人民币升值对农产品贸易的影响,寻找农产品贸易在人民币升值背景下的应对之策,使农产品贸易因升值受到的负面影响降到最低。     

提高中国粮食自给率的形势分析及政策建议

粮食安全问题至关重要,关系着一国的政治经济稳定.该研究从粮食自给率的概念出发,分析了粮食自给率的影响因素及中国粮食自给率的现状,阐述了确定粮食自给率需要考虑的方面,并就如何提高粮食自给率提出一些政策建议.     

科技成果转化过程分析

选取2002~2013年我国石油进出口贸易量的数据进行建模分析。首先运用小波分析理论将贸易量数据进行分解,识别出数据的主要特征和细节特征,针对不同特征进行识别和平稳性检测和参数估计,建立相应的ARIMA模型,并进行预测加权合成。仿真结果表明,小波分析结合ARIMA组合模型的预测精度远远大于为改进的ARIMA预测模型,从而为科学合理的决策提供更为精确的预测模型。     

中国进口农产品水稀缺足迹研究

本文依据1999—2019年高细分度农产品贸易数据研究中国农产品进口贸易对进口来源地水资源可获性的影响效应,从演变轨迹、产品结构和进口来源地结构三个维度对中国进口农产品水稀缺足迹展开特征统计分析。研究结果表明:中国因进口农产品获得的节水效应呈现波动上升态势,但因进口替代缓解的水资源压力小于带给进口农产品产地的水资源压力,中国农产品进口贸易在水资源要素上存在着类似于"列昂惕夫悖论"的现象;2014—2019年中国进口农产品水稀缺足迹排名靠前的农产品种类主要包括棉花,碾磨谷物及谷物加工品,水果及坚果,畜禽肉、油脂及食用杂碎,植物油及其制品,豆类,油料,糖,加工糖及制糖副产品,半成品革,麻纺织品和谷物;水稀缺足迹排名靠前的进口来源地主要包括巴基斯坦、澳大利亚、美国、苏丹、乌兹别克斯坦、印度、埃及、西班牙、伊朗、哈萨克斯坦、泰国和越南。本文进而提出提升农产品自给率、拓展海外水资源利用广度和拓宽农业国际合作渠道的政策建议。     

实际汇率与中国农产品国际竞争力的实证研究

回顾了汇率变动与国际竞争力的相关文献,简述了实际汇率与国际竞争力的概念,运用协整分析实证研究了实际汇率与中国农产品国际竞争力的关系,最后,提出了增强农产品贸易竞争力的建议。