仔猪水肿病病原鉴定及免疫预防

从某猪场分离到1株细菌,通过培养特性、菌体形态、菌落形态、染色特性、生化试验及血清学试验等一系列系统鉴定,确定为埃希氏大肠杆菌。动物致病性试验表明,该菌对小白鼠有较强的致病性,并引起死亡。分离菌制成油佐剂灭活菌能有效预防猪群再次暴发仔猪水肿病。     

鱼类"白点病"免疫防治的研究进展

多子小瓜虫（Ichthyophthirius multifiliis）和刺激隐核虫（Cryptocaryon irritans）是两种对鱼类最具致命性的寄生性纤毛虫,分别引起淡水和海水鱼类的＂白点病＂。多年来,该病给淡水和海水养殖造成了极大的经济损失。免疫学方法是防治＂白点病＂流行极具潜力并且具有诸多优点的方法。目前尚无商业化疫苗出现。从＂白点病＂可能的疫苗开发方向出发对目前＂白点病＂的免疫防治研究现状进行综述,以期对未来的研究提供参考。     

多种接种途径对翘嘴鳜细菌性烂鳃和败血症的免疫预防效果

多种接种途径对翘嘴鳜细菌性烂鳃和败血症的免疫预防效果陈昌福，周文豪（华中农业大学水产学院，武汉４３００７０）陈昌福等（１９９５）先后用从患细菌性烂鳃病的翘嘴鳜（ＳｉｎｉｐｅｒｃａｃｈｕａｔｓｉＢ．）上分离的柱状嗜纤维菌（Ｃｙｔｏｐｈａｇａｃｏｌｕｍｎ...     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎的研究进展

猪传染性胸膜肺炎是一种严重的呼吸道传染病,在世界范围内发病率较高。近年来,国内外学者在该病的病原、流行病学、诊断、防治措施以及免疫预防等方面进行了深入的研究。本文就该病的研究进展进行了综述。     

Paired study on hepatitis B virus S gene mutation in immunoprophylaxis failure to prevent HBV vertical transmission

AIM：To explore the characteristics of hepatitis B virus S gene mutation in the vertical transmission after active and passive vaccination. METHODS：Fifteen cases of immunoprophylaxis failure were enrolled in the study. HBV S gene (including pres-S and S) from the mothers, newborns before active and passive vaccination and 7-month-old infants with immunoprophylaxis failure were detected by PCR amplification. The characteristics of HBV S gene mutation were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS：The genotype of HBV in the newborns and the infants was the same as that in the mothers. The frequencies of mutation in the 2 fragments of the HBV S gene had no significant difference between the 3 groups. The homology tree model based on HBV S gene was analyzed in the 3 groups, in which every group had their own cluster. There were 15 different mutation sites between 7 pairs of mothers and newborns. There were 3 different mutation sites between 3 pairs of newborns and infants (nt273A→A/G, nt512C→C/T and nt1139C→A), among which the first 2 were located in the S gene region but not in the “a” determinant, and the latter was located in the overlap region of S and X genes. There were 25 different mutation sites between 9 pairs of mothers and infants, but only 1 case had a different mutation site between the mother, newborn and infant. CONCLUSION：The HBV species in newborns and infants with immunoprophylaxis failure were transmitted from the mothers. The mutations in the HBV S gene with immunoprophylaxis failure happened before and after active and passive vaccination, mainly before vaccination. The relationship between HBV S gene mutations and immunoprophylaxis failure should be further explored.     

中华鳖穿孔病的免疫预防研究

选择中华鳖毒力最强的嗜水气单胞菌Ｃ－３菌株和产碱假单胞菌Ｃ－２菌株,制成福尔马林灭活二联菌苗及Ｓｐａｎ白油佐剂菌苗,对中华鳖进行了注射免疫试验。通过检测血清中的凝集抗体产价,血液和脾脏中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性和测定强毒攻击的免疫保护率,证实了２种免疫原对中华鳖均具有较强的的免疫原性,免疫保护率达９０５以上。     

Relationship between HBV genotype,PreS/S gene mutation and immunoprophylaxis failure to prevent HBV mother-to-child transmission

AIM：To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype, PreS/S gene mutation and immunoprophylaxis failure to prevent HBV mother-to-child transmission.
METHODS：Pregnant women with positive HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA≥1×1010 IU/L were divided into case group (15 cases) and control group (45 cases) according to their neonates with immunoprophylaxis failure or not. The genotypes of HBV and the mutation rate and mutational hot spots in PreS/S gene were detected by PCR amplification technique in the two groups.
RESULTS：(1) Genotypes B and C of HBV were detected in both case and control groups, and the majority of HBV genotype was B in the two groups. Genotype distribution difference between case and control groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). (2) There was no significant difference in the mutation rate of PreS/S gene between case and control groups (P>0.05). The mutation rates of PreS/S gene between genotypes B and C were significantly different (P<0.05), but when the HBV genotype was the same, the mutation rate of PreS/S gene had no significant difference between case and control groups. Homology tree model based on PreS2/S gene formed genotype B and genotype C clusters, and in each cluster, the sequences of case and control groups did not formed smaller different clusters further. (3) 529G-A, 530A-G, 826A-G1 and 166het-dupC were hot spots of mutation in PreS2/S gene and were found in 4 cases in case group, respectively. A530T (1 case), A530G (2 cases), T531C (3 cases) were found in control group.
CONCLUSION：(1) The mutation rates of PreS/S gene are different in various genotypes. (2) The mutation in PreS/S gene of HBV is prevalent, but not all of the mutations are related to immunoprophylaxis failure to prevent HBV mother-to-child transmission. To find mutational hot spots which are related to immunoprophylaxis failure is more important.     

仔猪水肿病多价灭活油乳疫苗的研究

选择从新疆石河子地区分离的个优势血清型07、0149、015、02大肠杆菌,经培养、混合、灭活后,用白油、吐温、司本-80按一定比列混合,制成猪大肠杆菌多价油乳灭活疫苗。经检验,表明该疫苗安全有效,性能良好,大肠杆菌的的感染率、发病率明显降低。     

The use of fish vaccines in the Chilean salmon industry 1999-2003

This study summarises the availability of fish vaccines in Chile in the period 1999–2003. Through a questionnaire survey, data on annual sales per product were obtained from seven pharmaceutical companies and data on the corresponding farmed salmonid population eligible for vaccination were obtained from Sernapesca. More than 20 vaccines for aquacultured fish were brought to the Chilean market during the study period. The estimated number of fish being immunized by immersion increased from 93 million to more than 200 million, whereas sales of fish vaccines for injection increased from 2,008 to 16,561 l, the latter amount corresponding to approx. 150 million doses. Estimated vaccine coverage in the susceptible species ranked from 37–84% for yersiniosis (ERM), from 51–17% for salmonid rickettsial septicaemia (SRS), and from 8–78% for infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN). Vaccine coverage against bacterial kidney disease (BKD) remained below 5%.