The spatial distribution of soil microbial biomass in a permanent row crop

The effects of soil texture (silt loam or sandy loam) and cultivation practice (green manure) on the size and spatial distribution of the microbial biomass and its metabolic quotient were investigated in soils planted with a permanent row crop of hops (Humulus lupulus). The soil both between and in the plant rows was sampled at three different depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm). The silt loam had a higher overall microbial biomass C concentration (260 g g^-1) than the sandy loam (185 g g^-1), whereas the sandy loam had a higher (3.1 g CO₂-C mg^-1 microbial Ch^-1) metabolic quotient than the silt loam (2.6 g CO₂-C mg^-1 microbial C h^-1), on average over depth (0–30 cm) and over all treatments. There was a sharp decrease in the microbial biomass with increasing depth for all plots. However, this was more pronounced in the silt loam than in the sandy loam. There was no distinct influence of sampling depth on the metabolic quotient. The microbial biomass was considerably higher in the rows than between the rows, especially in the silt loam plots. There was no significant difference between plots without green manure and plots with green manure for either the microbial biomass or the metabolic quotient.     

河西走廊啤酒花钾素适宜用量的研究

田间试验结果表明:在速效K含量112.40 mgkg-1的灌漠土上,啤酒花产量随K素用量增加而增加,但单位K素增产效果则随K素用量增加而递减。经回归统计分析,K素经济效益最佳施肥量为466.00 kghm-2时,干花理论产量为4.52 thm-2,啤酒花收入6.99×104元hm-2,不同处理间差异达到显著和极显著水平。     

酒花及酒花制品在啤酒工业中的应用

介绍了酒花的植物学性状、化学成分及其作用,阐述了酒花在啤酒酿造中的作用,详细论述了酒花制品在啤酒工业中的应用。     

Characterization of a new viroid strain from hops: evidence for viroid speciation by isolation in different host species

A new viroid was detected in hops cultivated in Akita Prefecture, Japan where it is prevalent in many hops fields. In a survey of hop samples collected during the 1986–2002 growing seasons, the new viroid was present in the major Japanese hop-cultivating areas as early as the 1980s. A single-stranded circular RNA of 368–372 nucleotides that assume a highly basepaired, stable, rod-like secondary structure, shares 93%–98% sequence homology with Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd) isolated from apple and 85%–87% with Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd) isolated from grapevine. Taking into account the present concept of viroid species, we conclude that the viroid is AFCVd. Circumstantial evidence suggests that AFCVd from apples and hops were endemic in Japan only where cultivation of the two host plants overlapped, thereby strongly supporting the possibility that AFCVd (or an ancestral viroid) was transmitted across the species barrier from apples to hops or hops to apples somewhere in the region. Phylogenetic analysis of AFCVd from hops, AFCVd from apples, and AGVd together with the other members of the genus Apscaviroid revealed that the Akita isolates of AFCVd from hops (AFCVd-hop) formed a cluster that is distinct from AFCVd-apple and AGVd. Accumulation of host-specific sequence variation following their isolation in different host species may be leading to the formation of two viroid species from a common ancestor.     

啤酒花产业化经营的系统分析与实践

运用农业系统工程的原理,对我国西部特色作物啤酒花产业化经营,在系统辨识的基础上进行系统分析,浅述了甘肃亚盛集团啤酒花产业化经营的实践和体会。     

酒泉啤酒花气候适宜性研究

用玉门饮马农场1989～2008年近20a啤酒花产量与甲酸含量资料,对比1981～2010年酒泉市所属的玉门、敦煌、肃北、瓜州、金塔、酒泉(肃州区)等县、市、区的气候资料,分析了啤酒花在各地的产量与甲酸含量高低。结果表明:①影响啤酒花产量和甲酸含量的最敏感因子是2～5月份的降水量和7月份的平均气温。②3月份降水量多,啤酒花产量最低;7月份平均气温为24.0℃时,产量最高。3月份降水量多,啤酒花甲酸含量高;2～5月份的降水量少,甲酸含量低。③酒泉市所属的敦煌、瓜州、金塔、玉门、酒泉、肃北2～5月份平均降水量依次增多;7月份平均气温依次降低,敦煌为啤酒花单产量高值区;肃北为啤酒花单产量低值区,甲酸含量高值区,但综合考虑啤酒花主要生长期4～9月份的平均积温等因素,肃北不适宜啤酒花种植。瓜州、金塔的啤酒花单产量与甲酸含量应高于玉门和酒泉,酒泉啤酒花甲酸含量高于玉门。     

翻板式烤房干燥啤酒花过程及控制因素

经测定得知翻板式烤房的干燥规律,其主要可控指标为上面某一层干燥介质的温度。根据这一温度的大小及相关因素,对啤酒花出花水分进行了有效控制,并用“出花指示器”加以实现。     

啤酒花种植与加工产业化信息管理系统的研究与应用

本文运用农业系统工程的原理,应用知识工程和面向对象分析方法,建立了一个基于啤酒花产业化相关栽培与加工产业化信息管理系统.系统以WINDOWS为开发平台,综合运用数据库建模技术,建立了啤酒花综合信息库;以PB为开发工具,运用软件工程技术开发系统前台,实现了啤酒花品种选择、栽培管理、病害防治、加工与销售等多方面信息相对应的快速检索、控制功能;随时对该系统知识库的信息进行追加、更新、扩充;图片、声像与文字相结合,操作简便.通过应用,取得显著的效益.     

玉门气候变化对啤酒花的影响

[目的]研究玉门气候变化对啤酒花的影响。[方法]根据玉门镇气象站1953-2010年的气象资料,采用线性趋势和对比分析法,分析了玉门近58年的气候变化及其对啤酒花的影响。[结果]玉门气温、降水量均呈上升趋势,年平均气温上升速率为0.2℃/10a,年降水量增加速率为3.0 mm/10a。年日照时数呈减少趋势,减少速率为25.7 h/10a;年平均风速呈减小趋势,减小速率为0.3m/（s.10a）;无霜期有缩短趋势,积温呈增加趋势。玉门气候变化对玉门啤酒花的产量和质量均产生了一定影响,1989-2008年玉门饮马农场啤酒花单产量和甲酸含量的下降速率分别为543.8 kg/（hm2.10a）、0.5%/10a。[结论]该研究为啤酒花种植提供理论依据。