新疆哈密地区嗜盐菌的特征

从新疆哈密地区的土壤样品中分离出5株嗜盐菌,它们均能在10%—30%NaCl中生长,最适NaCl浓度为15%—18%。生长pH范围为6—11。在0—80mM Mg~(++)时生长良好。在蒸馏水中不破裂。在固体培养基上为球状,在液体培养基中为杆状,细胞大小为0.5—1×2—4um。在牛奶——盐——琼脂培养基上菌落圆形,表面光滑。颜色有橙红,橙黄和浅橙黄,直径1—1.5mm。5株菌均为革兰氏阴性好氧菌。最适生长温度为37℃。接触酶,氧化酶,硝酸盐还原试验均为阳性,不能发酵糖类。其中4株菌对红霉素敏感。根据《伯杰系统细菌学手册》第三卷,它们属于嗜盐菌科的微生物,但与该科各属的特征明显不同。     

Effect of Salt Concentration and Extremely Halophilic Archaea on the Safety and Quality Characteristics of Traditional Salted Anchovies

Extremely halophilic archaea (EHA) might play an important role in salted fish production. So far, limited information has been available on the effect of EHA and salt concentration on the safety and quality characteristics of salted anchovies. Eight Halobacterium salinarum strains were isolated from different sea salt samples and subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The strains were then inoculated into fresh salt before addition to anchovies. A total of 18 experimental productions were performed. The inoculated trials showed the lowest counts of undesired microorganisms. In particular, salted anchovies produced with Hbt. salinarum H11 showed the lowest histamine concentration as well as the highest sensory scores. Differences in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were estimated among trials. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that experimental production performed with a reduced amount of salt (175 g of sea salt per kg of anchovies) did not affect the final quality of salted anchovies. The strain Hbt. salinarum H11 produced salted anchovies with well-appreciated organoleptic features. Thus, the addition of EHA and the use of a lower amount of sea salt might represent a valuable alternative to the traditional method for production of salted anchovies.     

极端嗜盐古菌嗜盐特性研究及在废水处理中的应用

[目的]探讨极端嗜盐古菌的生理生化特性、最适生长条件以及对苯酚的降解效果。[方法]以一株盐生盐杆菌SYGJ-1为研究对象,分析了极端嗜盐古菌的生理生化特性以及不同生长条件(盐度、温度、pH)对其生长情况的影响,并探讨了该菌对苯酚的降解效果。[结果]极端嗜盐古菌SYGJ-1的最适盐度为19%,盐度17%或者25%时,生长量急剧下降;SEM图片表明,菌体在最适盐度时呈饱满短杆状,盐度小于15%时菌体呈球状,在盐度大于29%时会同时出现球状及长杆状菌体;最适温度为37℃,对数生长期为12~66 h;适宜pH范围为6.8~9.0;在苯酚浓度200 mg/L的培养基中生长良好,此时对苯酚的去除效率约为40%。[结论]极端嗜盐菌可有效降解有机污染物,并且菌体生长量与降解效率呈正相关。