灰树花不同配方栽培研究

对灰树花七种栽培配方进行了研究，其结果表明：木屑和棉籽壳作为栽培的主要原料，若等比例混合。生物学效率最高；麦麸与玉米粉搭配使用，可以提高灰树花的产量及生物学效率；平菇废料是栽培灰树花较好的原料，并具有很好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益；并筛选出灰树花高产的三个配方。     

湖南省饭豆地方种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

为揭示湖南省饭豆地方品种的遗传多样性,促进种质资源的有效保护和利用。本研究利用RAPD和ISSR标记分析了源于湖南省各地36份古老饭豆地方品种的遗传多样性,并采用UPGMA方法进行了遗传聚类分析。结果表明：12个RAPD引物和4个ISSR引物在供试材料中共扩增产生81条带型清晰的条带,平均每个引物扩增产生5.06个条带;其中59个为多态性条带,占总扩增条带的72.84%,具有多态性引物的PIC值在0.397~0.968之间;通过UPGMA法进行聚类分析表明供试材料的遗传相似系数在0.605~0.877之间,供试材料被分为4大类,且聚类结果表现明显的地域特征。本研究结果可为本省饭豆种质资源保护和育种研究提供理论依据。     

分子标记鉴别灰树花种质资源的研究

长期以来,食用菌菌种同名异种、同种异名问题给科研带来许多不必要的重复,也阻碍了菌种调剂供给.利用RAPD、ISSR、SRAP三种DNA分子标记分别对来源不同的30个灰树花(Grifola frondosa)菌株进行鉴别,并将得到的部分多态性条带转化为SCAR标记.3种分子标记对30个灰树花菌株的分析结果表明,共产生77...     

灰树花交配型鉴定分析

[目的]鉴定灰树花交配型,为灰树花杂交育种提供理论依据.[方法]灰树花孢子萌发后挑取单孢进行镜检,收集孢子单核体;采用原生质体单核化获得原生质体单核体并通过互配确定标准测交菌株T1和T2;采用标准测交菌株与孢子单核体配对及孢子单核体互配后,进行孢子单核体交配型分类,并利用核迁移试验和OWE-SOJ技术鉴定孢子单核体交配型.[结果]分离鉴定获得7 1株灰树花孢子单核体菌株,原生质体单核化获得17株原生质体单核体菌株,其中标准测交菌株Tt(A1B1)10株、T2(A2B2)7株;鉴定71株孢子单核体分别为T1、T2、T3和T4型,其中T1型28株、T2型35株、T3型4株、T4型4株;核迁移试验鉴定T1、T2、T3和T4的交配型分别为A1B1、A2B2、A2B1和A1B2,OWE-SOJ鉴定结果分别为A1B1、A2B2、A1B2和A2B1.[结论]灰树花属于四极性交配型系统,其交配型分析应以核迁移试验为准,OWE-SOJ技术不适用于灰树花的交配型分析.     

猪苓菌丝体多糖对小鼠免疫水平的影响

通过人工液体浅层培养方式培养猪苓菌丝体，用热水浸提法提取猪苓菌丝体多糖（PPS1），经纯化测定其糖含量，用红外光谱分析鉴定多糖，纯化鉴定的PPS1，通过小鼠进行腹腔单核巨噬细胞功能测定试验、E玫瑰花环试验、足跖肿胀厚度试验、淋巴细胞转化试验、EAC花环试验等5项免疫学试验初步探讨其免疫药理学作用，同时与猪苓菌核多糖（PPS2）进行比较。试验数据经统计学分析显示，E玫瑰花环试验中PPS1与空白对照组相比差异显著（P〈0．05）；腹腔单核巨噬细胞功能测定试验、足跖肿胀厚度试验、淋巴细胞转化试验覆EAC花环试验PPS1与空白对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0.01）；5项免疫学试验PPS1与PPS2相比差异均不显著。结果表明，PPS1能明显提高小鼠的免疫功能。     

灰树花菌株的比较试验

通过固体斜面培养、平板培养和液体培养等方法,对4个灰树花菌株进行比较试验。结果表明,YtGf-4在菌丝长势、抗霉能力、耐高温能力、菌种间拮抗能力以及不同C/N比菌丝生长状况等方面表现出优良性状。     

Development of an interspecific Vigna linkage map between Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi and V. nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi and its use in analysis of bruchid resistance and comparative genomics

To facilitate transfer of bruchid resistance to azuki bean (Vigna angularis) from its relatives an interspecific mapping population was made between rice bean, V. umbellata, and the related wild species V. nakashimae. The V. umbellata parent is completely resistant and V. nakashimae is completely susceptible to the bruchid beetle pests, azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) and cowpea weevil (C. maculatus). There is very low cross compatibility between V. umbellata and azuki bean. Therefore, V. nakashimae, that crosses with both V. umbellata and V. angularis without the need for embryo rescue, is used as a bridging species. A genetic linkage map was constructed based on an interspecific F₂ mapping population between V. umbellata and V. nakashimae consisting of 74 plants. A total of 175 DNA marker loci (74 RFLPs and 101 SSRs) were mapped on to 11 linkage groups spanning a total length of 652 cM. Segregation distortion was observed but only three markers were not linked to any linkage group due to severe segregation distortion. This interspecific genome map was compared with the genome map of azuki bean. Of 121 common markers on the two maps, 114 (94.2%) were located on the same linkage groups in both maps. The marker order was highly conserved between the two genome maps. Fifty F₂ plants that produced sufficient seeds were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and locating gene(s) for C. chinensis and C. maculatus resistance in V. umbellata. The resistance reaction of these F₂ plants differed between C. chinensis and C. maculatus. Both resistances were quantitatively inherited with no F₂ plants completely susceptible to C. chinensis or C. maculatus. One putative QTL for resistance to each of these bruchid species was located on different linkage groups. Other putative QTLs associated with resistance to both C. chinensis and C. maculatus were localized on the same linkage group 1. Linked markers associated with the bruchid‐resistant QTL will facilitate their transfer to azuki bean breeding lines.     

灰树花的深层培养工艺及其影响因素的研究

利用发酵罐进行灰树花的深层培养，以期为深层培养技术在灰树花上的应用提供理论依据，为灰树花产品的开发奠定基础。结果表明，最佳的培养条件：发酵温度25℃、起始pH值6.5、搅拌转速150 r/min、接种量10%。pH值和通气量对菌丝的生长有极显著的影响，pH值在5.50～6.50，通气量体积比(V/V)在1.00～1.40时，菌丝生物量积累最多；通过营养分析认为，可以通过深层培养进行灰树花产品的研究和开发。     

灰树花子实体中水溶性多糖提取工艺优化研究

以水为浸提液,通过单因素试验研究了颗粒度、浸提温度、浸提时间、水料比、醇沉度等因素对灰树花子实体多糖提取率的影响,并采用正交试验对提取工艺进行优化。试验表明,水料比对灰树花子实体多糖提取率的影响最大,其次是浸提时间,浸提温度影响最小。通过对提取条件的优化,结合收益、成本等综合因素选出最佳优化工艺为:浸提温度90℃,浸提时间5 h,水料比25∶1。验证试验显示,在最佳工艺条件下提取的多糖提取率达13.4%。     

灰树花菌糠代料栽培试验

为探究灰树花菌糠对灰树花栽培的影响,在新栽培料中分别加入不同比例的灰树花菌糠,比较菌丝生长情况、栽培周期和生物学效率。结果表明:栽培料中添加菌糠10%、20%时,菌丝长速显著加快,30%时不显著,大于30%后菌丝长速下降且菌袋培养后期黄水增多;菌糠添加的比例对原基形成到采收的时间影响不显著,主要影响原基的形成时间,添加菌糠10%、20%时形成时间显著缩短,添加菌糠30%影响不显著,之后显著延迟;当菌糠比例为30%时,生物学效率最高。最终确定,最佳菌糠添加比例为20%～30%,平均生物学效率可提高10.84%。