甘油和戊二醛对丝素膜性能的改良效果

为改善丝素膜的使用性能,在丝素溶液中添加甘油和戊二醛后制膜,探讨利用甘油的吸湿性能和戊二醛的交联作用对丝素膜性能的改良效果。结果表明:添加甘油的丝素膜持水性增强、耐水性能和相对伸长大幅度提高;戊二醛可以弥补添加甘油引起的丝素膜拉伸强度的下降。甘油和戊二醛的添加的质量分数分别为0.5%和0.2%时所制成的丝素膜质地湿润、光滑、柔软而富有弹性,其综合性能指标优于表面经80%甲醇处理的丝素膜。     

寄主植物对桃小食心虫主要代谢物质的影响

为明确不同寄主植物对桃小食心虫(Carposina sasakii Matsumura)主要代谢物质的影响,选取6种寄主植物(大枣、山楂、梨、桃、苹果、杏)饲喂的桃小食心虫,分别使用过碘酸钠法、硫酸蒽酮比色法和盐酸水解法测定其体内甘油、海藻糖和氨基酸含量;通过定磷法和2,4-二硝基苯肼法测定Na+-K+-ATP酶和LDH酶的活性。结果表明:桃小食心虫体内主要代谢物质含量在不同寄主植物间存在差异,取食山楂的桃小食心虫甘油含量最高(12.48μg/mg),取食大枣次之(12.44μg/mg),取食杏的含量最低(10.43μg/mg);海藻糖含量为取食大枣的最高(27.16μg/mg),取食杏的最低(9.86μg/mg);取食6种寄主的桃小食心虫体内均检测到16种氨基酸,取食山楂的桃小食心虫体内天冬氨酸Asp含量高于取食其他5种寄主植物的;超微量Na+-K+-ATP酶活性测定结果显示取食桃的桃小食心虫活性最高(1.31 U/g pro),LDH酶活性以取食杏的最高(42.73 U/g pro)。     

Effects of Intratesticular Injection of 70% Glycerin on Stallions

The removal of endogenous germ cells of recipient stallions is a key step to produce donor germ cell-derived sperm using the germ cell transplantation technique. Six Thoroughbred stallions were divided into a treatment (n = 3) and a control group (n = 3), and 70% glycerin (1, 2, 3-trihydroxypropane, 40 mL per testis) or phosphate-buffered saline, respectively, was locally injected into testes. General semen evaluation, libido, and testicular volume were performed weekly from 3 weeks before to 10 weeks after treatment. The number of round germ cells in the ejaculate was counted using a hemocytometer. The hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on the cross sections of testicular tissue obtained 11th week of treatment. Plasma testosterone levels in blood collected weekly were measured using a colorimetric competitive enzyme immunoassay kit. The sperm number was significantly lower than that of the control group at 5 and 10 weeks after glycerin injection. No differences in the status of spermatogenesis in the cross sections of seminiferous tubules and testicular volume were found between the two groups. The 70% glycerin-treated stallions had reduced total and progressively motile sperm and exhibited a significantly higher population of round germ cells in the ejaculate. Testosterone levels, testicular volumes, and libido of stallions were not significantly different between the groups. In conclusion, although intratesticular injection of 70% glycerin may have caused disassociation of some germ cells in the seminiferous tubules for several weeks, it did not significantly ablate germ cells in the tubules at 11 week in stallions.     

聚甘油醚表面活性剂的合成及性能

以大豆油制取牛物柴油的副产物甘油为原料,在乙酸的催化下与HCI反应合成出3-氯-1,2-丙二醇,在二氯甲烷溶剂中再与NaOH反应制得缩水甘油,通过气相色谱测定两步反应的产率分别为84.6%、89.6%,并用红外光谱进行了结构鉴定.将合成的缩水甘油与十二胺在碱催化下制备了不同聚合度的十二胺聚甘油醚表面活性剂,产率大于80%;以FTIR、ESI-MS确认了该表面活性剂的结构.用吊环法测定了该表面活性剂水溶液在25℃时的表面张力,考察了不同聚合度对其表而化学性质的影响.结果表明:十二胺二聚甘油醚、四聚甘油醚、六聚片油醚水溶液的临界胶束浓度cmc(mmol·L-1)分别为0.32、0.055和0.20,先减小而后增大;最低表面张力γcmc(mN·m-1)分别为28.46、29.41和34.02,逐渐增大.该表面活性剂还具有良好的乳化、润湿及泡沫性能.     

康乃馨液剂干燥技术研究

[目的]研究化学液剂对康乃馨花朵干燥的效果。[方法]液剂分别设6个处理,测定花朵失水率、重量变化、感观分值等指标,通过DPS数据处理系统计算分析。[结果]50%甘油＋6%柠檬酸＋2%亚硫酸钠为最佳处理配方,24 h为最佳浸泡时间。[结论]甘油或甘油配方溶液为液相替代剂,花材经其浸泡干燥,花形与花色得到较好的保护。     

桑螟越冬幼虫体内水分、脂肪、甘油的变化与抗寒性的关系

为预测桑螟的虫口密度及种群变化,研究了桑螟越冬幼虫体内水分、脂肪、甘油与抗寒性的关系。越冬幼虫体内含水量随气温下降逐渐减少,过冷却能力随体内水分的减少而增强,越冬后期随水分的增加而降低;越冬幼虫过冷却点的变化与体内结合脂肪的含量变化呈正相关,即过冷却能力随结合脂肪含量的升高而增强,降低而减弱;从越冬初期进入越冬期后,幼虫体内甘油含量逐渐增加,1月份增加幅度最大为1810%,越冬后期随温度升高,体内甘油含量下降。过冷却点的变化随甘油含量的不断增加而逐渐降低,12月和翌年1、2月,甘油含量最高,分别为972、1082、887mg/mL,其过冷却点也降至最低,分别为-1838、-1888和-1969℃;3、4月甘油含量逐渐减少,过冷却点随之升高。