籼型耐高温三系不育系巨风2A的选育

以优质常规材料9526为母本,宜陵1B为父本杂交,优选后代与宜陵1A回交而育成的早熟中籼型三系不育系巨风2A,具有耐高温、高异交率、高配合力,所配杂交稻熟色好等优点,应用前景广泛。2014年8月通过了湖北省农作物品种审定委员会的现场鉴定,2015年通过了湖北省审定。     

显性核不育油菜圆叶纯合两型系Gd1AB的选育

采用杂交、兄妹交和自交等育种手段，育成园叶显性纯合两型系Gd1AB。利用该两型系与花叶临保系进行全不育系制种，圆叶可作为苗期育性的指示性状，能有效地区别纯合两型系内可育株迟拔或漏拔而产生的杂株，从而提高全不育系的纯度。     

湖北光敏感核不育水稻育性转换机理初探

用乙烯生物合成抑制剂CoCl_2处理湖北光敏感核不育水稻(HPGMR),可在长日照不育条件下出现可育现象,而在育性转换临界光长下显著促进可育性表达。HPGMR幼穗中乙烯释放量,在长日照下所形成的幼穗比普通农垦58品种高2.5-5倍,而在育性转换临界光长下所形成的幼穗则降低至接近普通农垦58的低水平。表明HPGMR中可能存在受光周期调节的乙烯代谢系统,其育性转换受乙烯代谢水平的调控。     

雄性不育及育性恢复基因表达载体的构建

将拟南芥花药特异表达启动子A6与核酸酶基因融合构建不育基因,与核酸酶Bamase特异抑制剂Barstar基因融合构建育性恢复基因,再分别与抗除草剂溴苯睛基因表达盒bxn串联,形成紧密连锁,分别构建植物雄性不育和育性恢复基因表达载体pwP一AN及pwp一AS,以抗澳苯睛基因作为转化和繁殖、制种过程的筛选标记。     

Ta1小麦不同轮选世代不育株的HMW-GS组成与分析

为了给Ta1小麦轮选育种提供一定的参考．利用SDS—PAGE方法对Ta1小麦轮选群体C2、C5世代不育株及亲本的HMW—GS组成与变异进行分析。结果表明；（1）C2世代不育株的HMW-GS变异十分广泛。变异系数高速94．2％。31种亚基组合中“1，7＋8，2＋12”出现频率最高。Glu—B1位点亚基变异最丰富，有15种类型，而且产生了7、22、13＋16等亲本中不存在的亚基；Glu—D1位点优质亚基5＋10仅占18．0％，2＋12亚基仍占明显优势。（2）C5世代不育株的HMW—GS变异较亲本广泛，29种亚基组合中．杂合的“1，7＋8／14＋15，5＋10”出现频率最高（12．7％），其余皆小于7．0％；Glu—B1位点变异类型仅有9种，且多为杂合。C5世代优质亚基5＋10、14＋15出现频率提高至40．0％和32．0％，但变异系数降为80．7％，表明轮选效果明显，但C5世代群体的遗传异质性较C2世代呈下降趋势。     

粳型光敏感核不育水稻杂种优势的研究

本文观察了5个种植在武汉和荆门的粳稻光敏感核不育品系之间的杂种 F_1。结果证明,杂种 F_1的主要经济性状均优于其父本和对照,1541S 和背子谷 S 的配合力提高,其杂种优势明显。F_1的主要经济性状对比其父本的回归分析表明,对于不同的 RGMS 品系的选择标准应是不同的。此外,本文还分析了4种产量构成因素,证明有效穗数和每穗粒数是决定因素。     

大白菜萝卜胞质雄性不育系RC7单株产种量构成因素分析

应用线性回归和相关分析的方法,研究了新育成的大白菜萝卜胞质雄性不育系RC7的单株产量构成因素及其相关性,研究结果表明:不育系RC7的单株有效角果数(r=0.96583**)、二级分枝数(r=0.96419**)、每果粒数(r=0.75701**)、主花序有效角果数(r=0.49024*)及主花序有效长度(r=0.40623*)与单株产种量之间存在极显著或显著的正相关关系。在此基础上,建立了不育系RC7及其保持系单株种子产量的多元线性回归方程。在利用该不育系制种过程中,栽培管理上应以增加分枝数,尤其是二级分枝数,作为高产的主攻方向。     

小麦质不育系花药及雌蕊邻苯二酚氧化酶同工酶分析

小麦细胞质雄性不育系、保持系花药三个不同发育时期的邻苯二酚氧化酶同工酶存在明显差异,不育系中的同工酶谱带数多于保持系.考虑到小麦细胞质雄性不育系的细胞核与保持系相同,但具有与保持系不相同的不育细胞质,故邻苯二酚氧化酶同工酶可能与植物的雄性不育特性有某种联系.雌蕊中的邻苯二酚氧化酶同工酶在不育系与保持系间基本相同,这可能与雌蕊中不育系、保持系间的核质组成相同有关,这一事实似乎从另一侧面说明了邻苯二酚氧化酶与不育特性存在着某种联系.     

Pollen and coenocytic microspore germination in male-fertile and malesterilemsl soybean

Summary Light and fluorescence microscopy were used to study coenocytic microspore germination from male-sterile (ms1 ms1) soybean plants. Anther squashes from male-sterile plants revealed that a low frequency of natural coenocytic microspore germination occurred in male-sterile anthers of four independent lines; [ms1-North carolina (T260H),ms1-Urbana (T266H),ms1-Tonica (T267H), andms1-Ames (T268H)]. Abnormalities such as giant tubes, branched tubes, tubes with swollen areas, and multiple tubes were observed from coenocytic microspores from all four lines. The Urbana line, however, demonstrated a higher percentage of coenocytic microspore germination than did the other three lines. Flowers of the Urbana line from both malefertile and male-sterile plants, as well as gynoecia pollinated with coenocytic microspores from sterile plants, were used for in vivo studies. Pollen-tube growth appeared normal in male-fertile plants. In contrast, coenocytic microspore tubes rarely were observed in gynoecia from male-sterile plants or in gynoecia from malefertile plants that had been artificially cross-pollinated withms1 ms1 plants. Few tubes from coenocytic microspores were observed in the vicinity of the micropylar region. A low frequency of seed set was achieved in the greenhouse on Urbana male-sterile plants grown in the absence of male-fertile plants. Thus, we believe either that some gametes from coenocytic microspores are able to participate in fertilization at low frequency or that apomixis occurs inms1 ms1 plants.Joint contribution: Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Journal Paper No. J-12310 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames IA, 50011 USA. Project 2471.     

A partially male-sterile mutant line of soybeans,Glycine max (L.) Merr.: inheritance

Summary A partial male sterility system in the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) germplasm population AP6(SI)CI was found to be controlled monogenically by a recessive allele, msp. Observations of msp msp plants in different environments suggested that environmental conditions significantly affect expressivity of the msp allele with respect to male sterility. We obtained no experimental evidence of cytoplasmic effects on msp expression. Background genotypes, however, seem to affect msp expressivity through their determination of flowering dates and resultant interactions with varying environmental conditions.Homogeneous populations of partially male-sterile plants can be generated by increasing families of msp msp plants in fertility-inducing environments, if measures are implemented to prevent the introduction and/or build-up of fertile genotypes that arise from natural cross-pollinations.Joint contribution: North Central Region, Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Journal Paper No. J-9596 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa 50011; Project 2107.