Analysis of the seed dispersal patterns of wild soybean as a reference for vegetation management around genetically modified soybean fields

There are concerns that genetically modified soybean might threaten the genetic diversity of the wild soybean populations that are distributed in East Asia because genetically modified soybean has no crossing barrier with wild soybean. A simple and effective method to prevent hybridization via pollen flow is spatial separation between the two species because their hybridization occurs only when they grow in close proximity. Therefore, the invasiveness of wild soybean needs to be known in order to secure the appropriate distances. As wild soybean seeds are dispersed mechanically by pod dehiscence, an experiment was conducted in which white sheets were placed on the ground, concentric circles were drawn around the parent plants, and the number of dispersed seeds within each 0.5 m‐wide zone were counted. About 40% of the produced seeds were dispersed and the number of dispersed seeds gradually declined as the distance from the parent plants increased. The model that explained the relationship between the number and distance of the dispersed seeds was produced by using a generalized linear model procedure. More than 95, 99, and 99.9% of the produced seeds stayed within 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 m after natural pod dehiscence. Knowing these values is useful for evaluating the level of invasive risk by mechanical seed dispersal. The goal of the work is to efficiently and deliberately prevent hybridization by isolating genetically modified soybean fields and wild soybean populations by vegetation management, including weeding and setting up specific‐width buffer zones.     

高压静电场结合冰温气调保鲜技术对罗非鱼鱼片品质的影响

文章研究了高压静电场结合冰温气调保鲜技术对罗非鱼鱼片的保鲜效果,通过罗非鱼片贮藏过程中肉汁渗出率、菌落总数、感官品质、色差值、总挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）、脂质氧化（TBA）、p H等指标的变化情况,分析比较3.8 kV、1.8 kV、0 V高压静电下罗非鱼肉品质指标的变化。结果表明,高压静电场能够显著改善鱼肉的品质,贮藏至第30天,样品无异味,感官品质良好,可显著抑制肉汁渗出;可有效抑制微生物的生长和挥发性盐基氮的增加,在一定程度上抑制了鱼肉内脂肪氧化,具有较好的保鲜效果。总体上3.8 kV高压静电对鱼肉的保鲜效果优于1.8 kV高压静电,可延长肉片的保质期至30 d。 

     

Risk Assessment and Biosafety Studies of Transgenic Bt Rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Transgenic crops having alien genes from different sources are getting popularity. A Rice （Oryza sativa L.） containing gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, a soil bacterium, was assessed to study the potential risks of transgenic plants on environment. The crop was found resistant to target insect pests. Rice variety Basmati-370 transformed with two insecticidal genes, crylAc and cry2A, was grown under field conditions for several years. Data were collected at different stages of the plant growth. Fate of Cry protein in soil, effect of Bt protein on non-target insects, risks of vertical and horizontal gene flow were evaluated. No potential hazard was found at all levels. Bt protein was unstable and degraded significantly in soil within 30 days after harvesting the crop. No harmful effects were found on non-target insects （insects other than order lepidoptera）. Maximum gene flow of 0.02% was observed at close spacing and no evidence of horizontal gene transfer to Rhizobium spp. was found. In conclusion, the transgenic rice plants transformed with Bt genes have no harmful effects on the environment.     

土壤富里酸对镉的吸附特征与影响因素的研究

采用改进的连续电位滴定法,研究了土壤富里酸对重金属镉吸附量的主要影响因素。结果表明：富里酸溶液的pH值升高,吸附量增加;富里酸浓度升高,吸附量降低;pH值升高、富里酸浓度增大,吸附率增大。吸附量和pH值之间的关系可用自然对数方程进行拟合．同时富里酸浓度越小、镉离子浓度越高,方程的斜率越大,说明吸附量的大小同时与二者密切相关。分别用Linear方程、Fruendlich方程和Langmiur方程对富里酸一镉的吸附等温线进行拟合,结果发现,pH值大于5．0时,上述方程拟合均较好;pH值小于5．0时,只能用Langmiur方程拟合。富里酸对镉的吸附系数随着pH值的升高而降低。     

基于网络药理学探究乌梅散加减方治疗猪传染性胃肠炎的作用机制

【目的】借助网络药理学手段探究乌梅散加减方治疗猪传染性胃肠炎(TGE)的作用机制。【方法】利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、Swiss TargetPrediction获取乌梅散加减方的活性成分与作用靶点,应用公共比较毒理基因组学数据库(CTD)获取TGE的相关靶点,使用STRING数据库绘制乌梅散加减方与TGE交集靶点的蛋白互作(PPI)网络图,利用DAVID对交集靶点进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,探究乌梅散加减方治疗TGE的作用机制。【结果】从乌梅散加减方中共筛选到槲皮素、山柰酚、芒柄花素等125种活性成分和JUN原癌基因(JUN)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、信号传导与转录激活因子3(STAT3)等58个作用靶点。GO功能富集分析显示,共得到生物过程138个条目,涉及免疫反应、血管内皮因子生成、RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子对pri-miRNA转录的正调控等;细胞组分13个条目,涉及胞外区、细胞外空间、膜筏等;分子功能32个条目,涉及细胞因子活性、生长因子活性、白细胞介素2(IL2)受体活性等。KEGG通路富集分析显示,共得到135条信号通路,其中IL17信号通路、Th1...     

应用多重荧光PCR快速筛查作物中转基因成分研究

通过对我国批准进口的和获得农业转基因生物安全证书的转基因玉米转化体的序列分析发现,除DAS40278-9和BLVA430101外,CaMV35s启动子、NOS终止子、CrylAb/Ac基因和pat基因覆盖了 21种玉米转基因转化体.通过引物组合筛选、反应体系优化、灵敏度测试、适用性测试等实验,建立了基于4个通用筛选元件...     

Agricultural studies of GM maize and the field experimental infrastructure of ECOGEN

Within the ECOGEN project, long-term field experiments with genetically modified maize, Zea mays L. were conducted to study agro-ecological effects on the soil fauna and agro-economic implications of the technology. Here, we describe the study-sites, experimental layout and results of agro-economic relevance. Experiments were conducted during 2002–2005 in Denmark (Foulum), northern France (Varois) and the Midi-Pyrenees region of southern France (Narbons). MON810 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-varieties expressing the Cry1Ab protein, and a T25 glufosinate-ammonium (Basta) tolerant variety expressing the pat-gene encoding phosphinotrinacetyl-transferase were compared with near-isogenic non-Bt varieties, and conventional maize varieties. At Foulum, the maize was harvested for silage. There were no significant differences in yield between Bt-maize and a near-isogenic non-Bt variety, while a small difference in N-concentration of dry matter was detected in 1 year in a range of a measured quality parameters. Similar yield and quality were found in ploughed and reduced tillage treatments in all varieties. At Varois, the maize was harvested at ripeness and no significant differences in grain yield between Bt-maize and near-isogenic non-Bt varieties were found. These results were expected, as only Narbons harbours significant corn-borer populations. At Narbons, the number of Sesamia and Ostrinia corn-borer larvae were significantly lower in the Bt-maize than in a near-isogenic non-Bt variety and for Sesamia even less than in conventional varieties sprayed with pesticides to control corn-borer infestation. Here, Bt-maize produced a higher grain yield and grain size than a near-isogenic non-Bt variety or allowed a significant reduction in pesticide use. Concentrations of Cry1Ab in the Bt-varieties were sufficient to effectively control corn-borer larvae. In soil, Cry1Ab was close to the limit of detection and the protein did not accumulate in the soil year on year.     

循环伏安法快速检测饲料中球虫酯

本实验探讨了检测球虫酯等广谱抗球虫药物快速、灵敏的检测方法,本文采用玻碳电极为工作电极,以伏安法检测了球虫酯的电化学行为。球虫酯在 1.54V处具有氧化峰电流,检测的线性范围为2.5×10-7～3.1×10-5mol/L,检测限为1.6×10-8mol/L,回收率达92.5%。当玻碳电极用Nafion修饰后,可显著提高检测的特异性及灵敏度,使检测下限达2.4×10-9mol/L。同时本实验对不同支持电解质溶液、pH值、断路富积时间对测定结果的影响及修饰电极的再生等进行了详细的探讨。     

优化水稻培养条件测定其果胶酶活力及灰度变化

采用浸泡发芽培养方法改变水稻分子内部构象,测定其变性淀粉果胶酶活力的变化,选择最佳浸泡发芽条件并测定变性后淀粉灰度。结果表明:最佳培养条件为浸泡温度25℃,浸泡方式为浸泡4 h断水10 h,加碱量为0.03%Ca(OH)2,培养时间为2.5 d,在25℃条件下发芽6 d,变性淀粉果胶酶活性最高,灰度较好。从而成功实现对发芽水稻变性淀粉果胶酶活性及其灰度分布的测定。     

转基因抗虫棉对农户生产行为的影响分析

以河北主产棉区340个农户2002-2003年的问卷调查和关键人物访谈为依据,分析了转基 因抗虫棉对农户生产行为的影响。结果表明,转基因抗虫棉的应用影响或改变了农户的植棉意向、抗 虫棉种子选择,棉田害虫防治及植棉技术需求等生产行为。