靖远滩羊体脂脂肪酸与肉品质关系的研究

肉羊体脂脂肪酸是影响肉品风味和膻味的重要因素之一。研究利用HP6890型气相色谱仪 ,选择了 5 0日龄、2 0 0日龄和 5岁3个年龄阶段的靖远滩羊 ,比较了不同年龄阶段肉羊体脂肪中短链脂肪酸和硬脂酸的变化趋势。结果显示 :短链脂肪酸和硬脂酸从5 0日龄、2 0 0日龄到 5岁有显著的增加。肾脏脂肪中 (公 /母 )短链脂肪酸的相对含量 (% ) 5 0日龄时为 0 5 2 /0 3 4,而在 2 0 0日龄时已达到 0 79/0 5 4,5岁时其含量为 0 91/0 75。 3个年龄组之间表现出显著性的差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,增加的趋势非常明显。C18脂肪酸也显示同样的变化特性 ,在 5 0日龄的羔羊 (公 /母 )中含量仅为 17 2 /3 6 2 5 ,2 0 0日龄增加到 2 7 3 4/4 5 3 5 ,5岁时达到 3 6 0 3 /5 4 65 ,3个年龄组之间表现出显著性的差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,增加的幅度也很显著。背膘脂肪中短链脂肪酸和C18(公 /母 )随年龄增大分别为 0 2 3 /0 11、0 62 /0 42、0 71/0 63 ,16 0 7/18 17、2 4 45 /2 6 66、3 3 5 2 /3 6 13。尾部脂肪中短链脂肪酸和C18(公 /母 )随年龄增大分别为 0 13 /0 10、0 2 3 /0 19、0 3 5 /0 3 3 ,11 76/13 79、19 78/2 0 89、2 0 89/2 2 65。     

木材和人造板中五氯苯酚含量测定不确定度的评价

为测定人造板中的五氯苯酚含量,通过对LY/T 1985-2011《防腐木材和人造板中五氯苯酚含量的测定方法》的研究,得出了不确定度来源及其数学模型,对各不确定度分量进行计算,结果发现样品处理及设备重复性对不确定度贡献最大,因此应尽量提高试验结果平行性,以提高结果的准确度。     

Influence of Aguamiel (Agave atrovirens) as a Natural Feed Additive on Cecal Fermentation Kinetics of Some Forage Species in Horse Feeding

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different dose levels of aguamiel (Agave atrovirens) on in vitro cecal gas, methane (CH₄), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) productions of five forage species (Avena sativa [hay]), Moringa oleifera, Caesalpinia coriacea, Salix babylonica, and Eichhornia crassipes using inocula from the horse. The forage samples were incubated with three doses of aguamiel: 0, 34, and 68 μg of aguamiel/g dry matter (DM) of substrate. Cecal inocula were collected from four adult female Criolla horses (3–4 years of age and weighing 300 ± 15.0 kg) grazed on native grasses for about 8 hours without supplementation. Forage type affected (P < .001) cecal asymptotic, rate and lag time of gas, CH₄ and CO₂ productions (mL/g DM), pH and DM degradability. Aguamiel dose had linear and quadratic effects (P < .05) on the asymptotic and rate of CH₄ productions and rate and lag time of CO₂ productions (mL/g DM). Forage type × aguamiel dose interactions were significant (P < .05) for asymptotic, rate and lag time of gas, and CH₄ and CO₂ productions (mL/g DM). Forage species effects were pronounced (P < .05) on CH₄ and CO₂ productions (mL/g incubated and degraded DM) and proportional CH₄ production at all hours of incubation, except for CO₂ production (mL/g incubated DM). Aguamiel dose affected (P < .05) CO₂ production (mL/g incubated DM) and proportional CO₂ production at the incubated hours. Forage type × aguamiel dose interactions were observed (P < .05) for CO₂ production (mL/g incubated DM) and proportional CO₂ production at the incubated hours but had no impact on CH₄ production. It is concluded that addition of aguamiel to five forage species affected fermentation kinetics of gas production resulting in different in vitro cecal gas, CH₄ and CO₂ productions from these substrates.     

Effect of Partial Replacement of Steam Rolled Corn With Soybean Hulls or Prickly Pear Cactus in the Horse's Diet in the Presence of Live Saccharomyces cerevisiae on In Vitro Fecal Gas Production

The aim of the study was to evaluate the fecal fermentation of partial replacing steam rolled corn with soybean hulls (SH) or prickly pear cactus (PC) as energy source in horse diets, in the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Steam rolled corn was replaced with SH at 0% (control), 7.5% (SH75), and 15% (SH150) in the first trial, whereas it was replaced with PC at 0% (control; the same of the first trial), 7.5% (PC75), and 15% (PC150) in the second trial. Yeast of S. cerevisiae was added at 0, 2, and 4 mg/g dry matter (DM) of incubated substrates. Fecal inoculum was obtained from four adult English Thoroughbred horses fed on an amount of commercial concentrate and oat hay ad libitum. Interactions observed between PC rations and yeast doses for the asymptotic gas production (GP), the rate of GP and carbon dioxide (CO₂) production during some incubation hours. Moreover, with no effect due to SH rations (P > .05), increased (P < .05) rate of GP was observed with the ration PC75 compared with other rations. Besides, PC75 and PC150 rations with 0 mg yeast/g DM linearly decreased (P < .05) CO₂ production at some incubation hours. However, SH75 and SH150 ration had increased (P = .005) DM degradability (DMD). Yeast addition at 2 mg/g DM increased the asymptotic GP (P = .048) with the SH75 and PC150 rations. The level of 4 mg yeast/g DM increased the asymptotic GP (P = .048) from the SH150 ration. Yeast addition at 2 and 4 mg/g DM increased (P < .05) ​the asymptotic GP from PC75 and PC150 rations, respectively, with increasing DMD with the both doses. Yeast addition increased (P < .05) CO₂ production from SH75, SH150, PC75, and PC150 rations. It could be concluded that SH and PC can replace steam rolled corn at levels of 7.5% to 15% without negative effect of fermentation kinetics and with better fermentation performance in the presence of yeast at 2 mg/g DM of substrates.     

玉米不同自交系幼苗光合对 UV-B 辐射增强的响应

为了探讨玉米不同自交系对UV-B辐射增强的响应，在摸拟光照培养条件下，研究了增强UV-B辐射对玉米不同自交系气体交换参数的影响。结果表明，五叶期UV-B辐射处理6 d后，供试的48个自交系中近一半以上材料的幼苗叶片光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著降低10％以上，其材料比例分别为64．6％，47．9％，54．2％；而有62.5％的材料胞间CO2浓度表现为显著增加；相关分析发现，气孔导度与蒸腾速率对UV-B辐射增强的响应值间存在极显著正相关关系；根据气体交换参数对UV-B辐射增强的响应程度将48个材料分成6类，其中对增强UV-B辐射反应比较敏感的材料和能够忍耐UV-B辐射增强的材料均占12．5％。说明玉米不同自交系幼苗叶片气体交换参数对UV-B辐射增强反应敏感程度具有显著的基因型差异，从中能够筛选出对UV-B辐射增强反应敏感和有忍耐能力的材料。     

云厚朴SFE-CO2萃取物中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的热稳定性考察

温度是影响云厚朴提取物稳定性的主要因素,本研究考察云厚朴提取物的热稳定性。采用高效液相色谱法,测定云厚朴SFE-CO2(二氧化碳超临界流体萃取)工艺萃取物中的和厚朴酚、厚朴酚在不同温度干燥时的含量变化并得出降解规律,干燥时降解为一级反应,在100 ℃降解较快。采用恒温加速实验,得出SFE-CO2萃取液中的和厚朴酚、厚朴酚室温25 ℃贮存期分别为1 125.6 h和975.7 h。在制剂生产中,云厚朴SFE-CO2萃取物不宜长时间贮存,以减少有效成分损失;由于热不稳定性,高温干燥会导致制剂质量不稳定,降低药效,应在较低温度下干燥。     

城市垃圾填埋及沼气收集利用

本文针对目前我国日益严重的城市固体废物污染环境的问题，在对此填埋，焚烧和高温堆肥等处理处置方法的基础上，分析了填埋产沼技术的可行性，指出其兼有的废物处理与处置的双重性，具有处理量大、处理费用低、可还原利用上地、能回收能源等多种优点，在我国有广阔应用前景。     

微型摆式内燃发电机频率的计算与分析

针对所研制的微型摆式内燃发电机(MICSPG),阐述了各组成部分的工作过程及工作特点,建立了微型内燃发电系统的数学模型。在引入平均指示压力和线性气体弹簧分别对内燃机动力腔中由燃烧和最大预压缩压力而引起的气体压力进行线性化分析的基础上,得到了系统的传递函数,并据此研究和分析了微型摆式内燃机发电系统的稳定性和运动频率。研究结果为微型摆式内燃发电系统结构参数的确定和控制系统设计提供了有益的参考。     

辽宁地区两种菊科入侵植物与本地植物光合特性比较

为明确外来植物生理生态学性状及其与其强入侵性的关系,本研究采用野外原位气体交换参数测定的方法,分析了菊科入侵植物豚草、三裂叶豚草与其共生本地植物紫菀光合特性和叶片性状的差异。结果表明,豚草、三裂叶豚草、紫菀3种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均高于800μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),且两种入侵植物的LSP显著高于紫菀,表观量子效率(AQY)则显著低于紫菀;3种植物的最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))大小顺序为豚草三裂叶豚草紫菀,其中,豚草和三裂叶豚草的P_(nmax)分别比紫菀高出151.28%、82.80%,且差异显著。两种入侵植物的比叶面积(SLA)、叶片的单位质量氮含量(N_(mass))、叶片单位质量磷含量(P_(mass))、光合能量利用效率(PEUE)、光合氮利用效率(PNUE)均显著高于紫菀,但3者叶片单位质量建成成本(CC_(_(mass)))差异不显著。综上所述,辽宁的两种菊科入侵植物相对于本地共生种来说有着较高的气体交换参数和叶片特性指标,且其光合特性和叶片特性也存在着密切的联系,表现在这些菊科入侵植物有着更高的P_(nmax)、PNUE、PEUE和水分利用效率(WUE)等光合特性指标和能量利用指标,使得入侵植物能够更有效地捕获和利用环境资源,成为其得以成功入侵的原因之一。     

贺兰山东麓地区葡萄酒香气成分分析研究

研究宁夏贺兰山东麓地区不同红色、白色酿酒品种所酿造的干红、干白葡萄酒香气的化学成分,采用溶液萃取法提取3个单品种赤霞珠、梅鹿辄、蛇龙珠干红和霞多丽干白葡萄酒香气成分;用气相色谱-质谱进行分离测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离化合物进行鉴定,应用TIC峰面积归一法测定各成分的相对含量;分别分离出56、46、49和33个峰,鉴定出55、45、47和32个香气化学成分,共占其色谱流出组分总量的为99.71%、99.84%、90.78%和98.97%.它们主要是脂肪羧酸、脂肪醇、芳香醇、低级脂肪酸、脂肪酮、杂环类（呋喃类、噻吩类）、醚类等.在干红、干白葡萄酒中,相对含量较高的香气成分种类相似,而微量特征香气成分差异较为显著,从而构成各类不同品种葡萄酒独特香气和风格.