不同保鲜剂和包装材料对鲜切西芹保鲜效果研究

研究了过氧化氢、柠檬酸与氯化钙组合,以及不同包装材料高密度聚乙烯薄膜(HDPE)、普通聚乙烯薄膜(PE)及低密度聚乙烯薄膜(LDPE)对鲜切西芹的保鲜作用.试验结果表明,过氧化氢+柠檬酸+氯化钙组合时鲜切西芹有保鲜作用,可降低失重率,使呼吸代谢、相时电导率处于较低水平,鲜度指数也明显高于对照.LDPE,HDPE,PE三种包装材料对鲜切西芹的保鲜效果影响不明显.0.15%H2O2+0.1%CA+0.4%CaCl2组合对鲜切西芹的保鲜效果最好,贮藏9 d时,鲜度指数仍达到76.9%.     

辐照对鲜切苦瓜杀菌效果及感官品质的影响

本试验将60Co-γ辐照引入苦瓜的鲜切加工过程,研究不同辐照剂量对苦瓜杀菌效果和感官品质的影响。结果表明:辐照剂量0.52kGy以上的辐照处理对鲜切苦瓜细菌、大肠菌群、肠炎沙门氏菌(D10=0.33),英诺克李斯特菌(D10=0.29)杀灭效果显著;1.86kGy以下的辐照对鲜切苦瓜色度、硬度的影响在5%水平上差异不显著。0.52～1.86kGy辐照处理对苦瓜的色泽、气味、质地和滋味、组织状态等方面可接受性没有显著影响。因此,0.52～1.86kGy辐照剂量可以有效控制鲜切苦瓜中的微生物而不影响其感官品质,能满足糖尿病人的食用要求,货架期可达6d。     

鲜切苹果自发气调包装研究

以低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯膜为包装材料,研究其对鲜切苹果的保鲜效果。结果表明:3种保鲜膜包装均能不同程度地抑制鲜切苹果呼吸强度,推迟呼吸高峰期到来,减少营养物质消耗,0.04mmLDPE保鲜膜较适合于鲜切苹果的自发气调包装。     

Extension of fresh-cut “Blanquilla” pear (Pyrus communis L.) shelf-life by 1-MCP treatment after harvest

‘Blanquilla’ pears processed as fresh-cut products are highly sensitive to browning and softening. Common postharvest methods, such as the use of antibrowning compounds and/or modified atmosphere packaging, fail to preserve ‘Blanquilla’ pear slices long enough to be marketable. However, treatment with 1-MCP before cutting and peeling considerably improved their textural properties (9.2 N vs. 1.1 N with and without 1-MCP treatment, respectively) and color (a* values of 1 vs. 5 after 15 d at 4 °C, for slices pear treated with 1-MCP and without treatment, respectively). These positive changes were closely related to a decrease in respiratory activity determined on whole pears after 3 months of storage in air at 0 ± 1 °C and 95% R.H. (0.40 ± 0.05 mmol CO₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ vs. 0.77 ± 0.04 mmol CO₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ with and without 1-MCP treatment, respectively) and ethylene production (1.18 ± 0.36 nmol C₂H₄ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ vs. 5.751 ± 1.12 nmol C₂H₄ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ for samples treated with and without 1-MCP, respectively). The use of 1-MCP allows fresh-cut ‘Blanquilla’ pears to be sold up to about 5 d after processing. Treatment with 1-MCP could be a viable alternative to common technologies for extending the shelf-life of ‘Blanquilla’ pears as a fresh-cut product.     

复合增强脉冲强光保鲜鲜切荸荠技术研究

采用脉冲强光法处理鲜切荸荠,通过控制脉冲强光处理时间,对其进行不同梯度的处理,检测不同处理对荸荠营养价值成分的影响与改变,检测其失重率、可溶性固形物含量、硬度、苯丙氨酸酶活性及过氧化酶活性、细菌总数、色泽度LAB值等主要指标变化情况,确定最佳的处理方案,以达到最好的保鲜效果。试验结果表明,脉冲强光处理10 min和脉冲强光处理15 min复合30%乙醇处理的保鲜效果较优,其中脉冲强光处理10 min的后期保鲜效果较好。     

银杏叶提取液浸泡处理对鲜切苹果的保鲜效果

以红富士苹果为试材,从颜色、硬度、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、质量损失率以及感官评定等方面研究不同含量的银杏叶提取液浸泡处理对鲜切红富士苹果的保鲜效果。结果表明,在4 ℃贮藏条件下,与对照（无菌蒸馏水浸泡处理）相比,银杏叶提取液处理能在一定程度上提高鲜切苹果的感官品质,抑制褐变,减少水分散失,延缓硬度下降,维持可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及维生素C等营养物质的含量,较好地保持鲜切苹果的品质,其中总黄酮含量为0.5 g/L的银杏叶提取液处理保鲜效果最佳。     

1-甲基环丙烯·壳聚糖对鲜切马铃薯活性氧代谢及保鲜效果的影响(英文)

[目的]研究1-MCP、壳聚糖处理对鲜切马铃薯贮藏期间活性氧代谢及保鲜效果的影响。[方法]设置1-MCP(2μl/L)、壳聚糖(2%)及1-MCP联合壳聚糖3个处理,以未加处理的鲜切马铃薯为对照,对鲜切马铃薯贮藏期间的相关指标进行测定。[结果]1-MCP处理能显著降低马铃薯呼吸作用,维持较高的SOD、POD活性,减少了O2-.和H2O2及MDA在体内的积累,延缓VC含量的下降,抑制PPO活性,表现出很好的贮藏效果;壳聚糖处理与1-MCP处理效果相反,但很好地抑制了鲜切马铃薯PPO活性;与对照相比,1-MCP联合壳聚糖虽有一定保鲜效果,但差异不明显。[结果]1-MCP处理鲜切马铃薯具有较好的保鲜效果。     

Effect of antioxidants in controlling enzymatic browning of minimally processed persimmon ‘Rojo Brillante’

‘Rojo Brillante’ is an important variety of persimmon that after removal of the astringency with high levels of CO₂, maintains firmness and sweetness, making possible its commercialization as a fresh-cut commodity. However, the commercial success of the product is limited mainly by enzymatic browning. This work presents the effect of a wide range of antioxidants on enzymatic browning of ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon combining in vitro (extracts and precipitates) and in vivo (cut tissue) studies. Preliminary screening of the antioxidants, determined by absorbance and color measurements of persimmon extracts and pellets, showed that 4-hexylresorcinol (Hexyl), citric acid (CA) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) were effective at controlling browning at 10 mM; whereas, ascorbic acid (AA) required a higher concentration (25 mM). Peracetic acid, cyclodextrin, cysteine, and hexametaphosphate were not effective at controlling browning, even at a concentration of 50 mM. In in vivo studies, AA (1.12%) and CA (0.21%) were the most effective treatments to control enzymatic browning of fresh-cut material, reaching the limit of marketability in 5–7 days, whereas, Hexyl and CaCl₂ did not reach 1 day of storage. The results showed that optimum concentrations in cut tissue did not always correlate with the in vitro studies, indicating that antioxidants have an effect not only in browning reactions, but also in metabolic activity and cell wall changes during wound-induced reactions. The results provide relevant information for further development of minimally processed ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon during storage at 5 °C.     

切分胡萝卜生理变化的研究

研究了胡萝卜切分后的生理变化规律。结果表明,鲜切胡萝卜的呼吸强度、白度值升高,pH值、总胡萝卜素含量下降。切分胡萝卜的硬度、渗出物含量以及颜色的变化与其切分表面的水分损失有着密切的关系,另外机械损伤也是造成鲜切胡萝卜脱色的直接因素。     

Combined effects of sodium chlorite dip treatment and chitosan coatings on the quality of fresh-cut d’Anjou pears

This study evaluated the effects of sodium chlorite (SC) alone and its sequential treatment with edible coatings on browning inhibition and quality maintenance of fresh-cut d’Anjou pears. Edible coatings were prepared from chitosan (CH) and its water-soluble derivative carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH), separately. Pear wedges were immersed in SC solution, followed by coating with CH or CMCH solutions. The samples were packed in unsealed bags and stored at 4 °C for subsequent color, firmness, and weight loss measurement. The effects of the SC and coating treatments on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibition and microbial inactivation were also evaluated. Results indicated that SC exhibited significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of browning and PPO activity. The SC treatment was also strongly effective in inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 on pear slices. Coating SC-treated pear slices with CH adversely affected the quality of pear slices by accelerating the discoloration of cut surfaces and increasing the PPO activity. On the contrary, coating SC-treated samples with CMCH significantly prevented the browning reaction and inhibited PPO activity. In addition, SC and CH/CMCH coatings maintained tissue firmness and did not affect weight loss. Our study may provide a scientific basis for the use of SC + CMCH treatment as an alternative preservation treatment for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.