肥料致害原因、机理及防治对策

从施肥方式和肥料自身问题2个方面详细综述了肥料致害的类别、机理、表征及防治对策，以期在肥料监管体系并不完善的大环境下给肥料生产企业合法经营提供一定的科学参考和理论依据，并为农民朋友们远离肥害、避免粮食产量蒙受损失指点迷津。     

牛皮肤成纤维细胞的体外培养与冻存

利用牛皮肤组织块直接培养法，得到牛皮肤细胞的原代培养物，再用酶消化法和反复贴壁法处理，能够纯化成纤维细胞。成纤维细胞的冻存是通过选用6种分别含有二甲基亚砜（DMSO）、甘油（GL）及乙二醇（EG）的保护液，以相同的冻前处理方法，对牛皮肤成纤维细胞进行缓慢冷冻，冰箱预冷平衡1－2h，逐步投入液氮（－196℃）中保存，再经37℃水浴解冻，Hanks液脱保护剂，以贴壁率评价冻存效果。结果表明，20％DMSO保护液对牛皮肤成纤维细胞表现出较好且稳定的冷冻保护效果，其平均贴壁率达87．9％。     

Preliminary Examination of Farriery and Hoof Care Practices and Owner-Reported Injuries in Sport Horses in New Zealand

Retrospective management and owner-reported injury data, and measurement of forelimb hoof conformation, were collected via a cross-sectional survey from a convenience sample of 96 registered show jumping (n = 67) and dressage (n = 29) horses. Most of the horses were medium- to upper-level performers, aged 9 (interquartile range [IQR] 7–12) years, and in the current rider's ownership for 28 (IQR 12–60) months. The horses were trained 45 (IQR 35–60) minutes, 6 days per week, on a sand or sand mix arena. Failure to train for ≥7 days was reported in 26 of 96 horses, generally associated with lameness diagnosed by a veterinarian (16/29), with a median time-off of 26 (IQR 14–93) days. During the preceding 12 months, 33% of the riders had been working with the farrier on hoof-related issues, 30% of which had involved ≤2 issues. This remedial work often involved a veterinarian (14/30) or allied health practitioner (6/30). Most horses were hot shod (67/89) with conventional fullered shoes. Uneven feet were identified in 16 of 89 horses but were not positively associated with inability to train, possibly reflecting the minor variation between feet. Uneven feet were associated with variation in heel length and angle measurements and a greater sole length and reduced sole width, rather than smaller and boxy. Multiple correspondence plots identified an association of uneven feet with the dressage horses rather than show jumping horses.     

2018年宜昌市柑橘冻害情况分析及对策建议

2018年1月,宜昌市出现两次低温雨雪天气,导致宜昌各县市区的柑橘受到不同程度的冻害。本文调查了宜昌市所辖县市区柑橘冻害情况,分析了冻害发生特点,提出科学建园、适地适栽,设防护林、改善小气候,树体保护、减轻冻害,加强管理、增强树势,冻后管理等对策建议。     

常见景天高温胁迫细胞伤害率试验

以7种常见景天科多肉叶片为材料进行温度梯度处理,用电导率法测定细胞伤害率,观察供试材料对高温胁迫的耐受性。结果表明,55℃是姬秋丽、薄雪万年草、黄丽、胧月、八宝景天的细胞伤害率跃升临界温度,60℃是佛甲草和垂盆草的跃升临界温度。供试景天种类的叶型大小和取样方式不影响试验结果。     

长江中游区冬油菜抗冻性的光合及生物学指标筛选与分析

筛选建立低温前简易的作物抗冻性生物学特征指标识别体系对于作物抗冻育种和栽培均具有重要意义。以15个甘蓝型冬油菜品种为材料,研究油菜品种抗冻性与低温前生物学性状、叶绿素含量、光合指标之间的关系。结果表明,不同品种间抗冻性差异较大,以中双9号、皖油18、陕油8号等品种抗冻能力较强,中油杂5号和湘油17等抗冻能力较差。关联度分析结果表明,油菜冬前生物学性状及生理指标中,与冻害指数的关联度大小依次为地上部含水率>地上鲜质量>蒸腾速率(Tr)>株高>气孔导度(Gs)>开展度>光合速率(Pn)>绿叶数>叶绿素含量>地下部含水率>胞间CO2摩尔分数(Ci)。其中地上部含水率、地上鲜质量和蒸腾速率(Tr)与冻害指数呈极显著正相关,株高、气孔导度呈显著正相关,其他指标与冻害指数相关关系均不显著。相关性和关联度分析结果表明,地上部含水率、地上部鲜质量、蒸腾速率(Tr)和株高等光合及生物学性状可以作为油菜抗冻性的筛选指标。     

基于大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型建立芍药内酯苷的PK-PD模型

[目的]建立芍药内酯苷的药动学-药效学(PK-PD)模型。[方法]首先采用液质联用法测定大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型给予辛芍组方后的不同时间点所得血浆样本中芍药内酯苷的药物浓度,获得药时曲线;同时采用试剂盒测定不同时间点所得血浆样本中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量,获得时效曲线。然后用Win Non Lin软件采用房室模型的分析方法对芍药内酯苷的药代动力学参数进行拟合,获得PK参数。在此基础之上,固定相关的药代动力学参数,对时效关系进行拟合,得到相关的PD参数,根据PD参数,建立辛芍组方中芍药内酯苷的PK-PD模型。[结果]当以SOD为药效指标时,可得辛芍组方中芍药内酯苷的PK-PD模型为E=21.04+(7.16×Ce)/(Ce+372.4);当以LDH为药效指标时,可得辛芍组方中代表成分芍药内酯苷的PK-PD模型为E=216.83-(37.31×Ce)/(Ce+0.04)。[结论]SOD和LDH的浓度与芍药内酯苷的浓度存在一定的相关性。芍药内酯苷可通过提高SOD、降低LDH发挥抗氧化作用来实现保护脑缺血再灌注损伤。     

木薯寒冻害等级划分指标研究

[目的]探索木薯寒害冻害等级划分的形态指标及方法。[方法]开展室内人工模拟木薯寒害冻害试验。在极端低温0～4℃条件下处理1～3 d,置室内,7、20 d后观察。[结果]茎杆芽眼死坏率和块根黑斑占切面比率均随温度的降低而增加,随低温持续时间延长而增加;茎杆干枯率不完全呈规律性变化;茎杆变色损伤率、髓部变色率及乳胶的量的变化率小或表现不明显。[结论]茎杆芽眼死坏率适合作为木薯茎杆寒冻害等级划分形态指标;块根黑斑占切面比率适合作为木薯块根的寒冻害等级划分形态指标。同时,确定了木薯寒害冻害等级划分标准。     

重金属致植物矿质营养元素代谢异常的生理效应

重金属胁迫会导致植物体细胞的矿质营养元素缺乏、代谢过程紊乱,甚至可引起植物的死亡。综述了重金属导致植物体的某些矿质元素代谢异常的生理效应。     

Macro and Micro Mineral Levels in the Tissues of Menhaden Fish

Various tissues of menhaden fish were analyzed for macro and micro minerals. Tissues selected were gill, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, muscle, spleen, and stomach. Phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, and zinc were found to be most concentrated in the gill. Potassium, iron, and boron were least concentrated in the gill. Liver contained the highest concentration of copper, selenium and boron. The stomach was the highest in potassium and lowest in phosphorus. Sodium and selenium concentrations were lowest in the muscle. Mercury concentrations were approximately 2 mg/g dry matter in all tissues