贵州省退耕还林与农村经济发展研究

通过对贵州省贞丰、桐梓、锦屏等若干县市林业生态建设监理、检查、造林实绩核查等工作的实践和研究，认为退耕还林工程与农村经济发展相结合，目前应加强以下工作：选择林业主导产业；林产业时间、空间的合理布局；树种、林种的结构优化；林业体制创新；实施相关配套工程。     

“退耕还林(草)”工程可持续发展研究

要保证“退耕还林(草)”工程的可持续发展,必须做到:树立全局观念,明确战略目标;建立科学的决策机制和完善的市场调节机制,因地制宜地引导农民发展后续产业;在全社会建立循环经济发展模式,促进“退耕还林(草)”工程的可持续发展;实施生态经济管理,实现生态目标和经济目标的“双赢;”运用系统管理思想,再造组织流程,整合资源,形成强势合力;加大科研开发投入,提高“退耕还林(草)”工程效率,增强后续产业的市场竞争力。     

Do rates of litter decomposition tell us anything we really need to know?

Results of several long-term studies of non-woody litter decomposition in forests indicate that we need to rethink why and how we measure rates of litter decomposition. Effects on litter decomposition rates were postulated to explain some of the nutritional effects of factors such as tree species, forest harvesting and fertilization. However, the accumulated experimental evidence indicates that litter decomposition rates do not mediate these responses. Many studies have reported litter mass loss becoming extremely slow at values considerably below 100%, indicating that early decay rates may not accurately foreshadow the entire decay process. Exclusion of soil faunal activities from current measurements of decomposition rates seriously reduces the likelihood that we are properly modeling decomposition. Finally, the use of regression and correlation analyses to determine which climate or initial litter quality factors control decay rate has led to many unwarranted and potentially misleading conclusions. These concerns are illustrated with examples from a suite of litter decomposition studies in British Columbia, Canada. Insights into nutrient cycling and carbon storage in ecosystems are more likely to arise from measuring the mass and nutrient content of annual litter input and determining the maximum decomposition limit and nutrient content at that stage, than by measuring early rates of decay. Improved predictions of relative decay rates of plant litters are likely to arise from a holistic approach based on plant life attributes rather than correlations based on individual initial litter chemistry parameters. Finally, a better understanding of the fate of faecal material of soil fauna is necessary before we can accurately predict and model litter decomposition.     

秦岭火地塘林区不同海拔森林土壤NO通量

选取秦岭火地塘林区不同海拔(1 560~2 160 m)的有代表性的5个森林样地,从2014年10月到2015年10月对其土壤NO通量采用静态箱—氮氧化物分析仪法进行1 a的监测。结果表明,土壤NO排放主要集中在植物生长季(2015年5月—2015年9月),但整个观测期NO排放保持在较低水平。在非生长季(2014年10月—2015年4月),大部分样地的NO排放先减少后增加,而且监测有NO吸收。不同海拔NO年排放总量分别为2 160m红桦林0.06 kg·ha~(-2)·a~(-1),2 040 m青杄林0.08 kg·ha~(-2)·a~(-1),1 963 m华山松林0.02 kg·ha~(-2)·a~(-1),1 585 m油松林0.11 kg·ha~(-2)·a~(-1),1 560 m锐齿栎林0.19 kg·ha~(-2)·a~(-1)。除华山松外,NO年排放总量随海拔的升高而减少。不同海拔5个样地土壤NO通量均与地温显著相关(P0.05)。华山松林土壤NO排放与土壤孔隙充水率呈负相关(P0.05)。油松林土壤NO排放与土壤铵态氮质量分数负相关(P0.05)。除油松林外,各样地的土壤孔隙充水率都低于60%,可以推断,硝化反应是本地区NO的重要生成源,但受到降雨和土壤有机质等理化性质的影响又伴随有反硝化过程。     

木麻黄海岸林林下套种技术与综合效益探讨

以福建泉州木麻黄海岸林为研究对象,探讨了木麻黄林下套种技术以及林下套种植被的生长效果和综合效益。经实践证明,木麻黄海岸林林下套种技术能够提高海岸土地资源的利用效率,降低风速,提高林分生产力和综合防护能力,因此值得进行深入研究和推广。     

云南省退耕还林工程监理的探讨

退耕还林工程是我国林业建设上涉及面最广、政策性最强、操作难度大、群众参与度最高的一项生态建设工程。在简述了退耕还林工程建设中实行工程监理的必要性、目的及意义的基础上,对退耕还林工程监理的机构建立及管理、监理内容、方法及操作步骤进行了初步探讨。     

Atmospheric lead and cadmium deposition within forests in the Kanto district, Japan

Atmospheric lead and cadmium deposition in bulk precipitation and throughfall was investigated at four forests in the Kanto district, Japan, to assess the impact of human activities on the environmental health of forests. Annual lead and cadmium depositions in bulk precipitation ranged from 8.9 to 25.7 g ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and from 0.77 to 1.30 g ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively. Lead and cadmium deposition increased in the summer at every forest due to large amounts of rainfall. At one of the forests, the depositions were also high in the winter due to heavy snowfall. These depositions were similar to recent depositions observed at other rural and urban sites in Japan and several forests in Europe and North America after 1990. These results indicate that although anthropogenic lead and cadmium are deposited at these rates over wide areas, depositions are still higher than in remote areas.     

Simulating responses of Northeastern China forests to potential climate change

IntroductionItissurethatpresentelevatiollsofCO2a11dotllergrcc11-housegasesinducedbyhumanactivitiesaren1akli1gglobalclimategothroughinexperielICedcl1anges(Scl1le-subgerl987).Thecurrentquasi-equilibriulllstatesofbio-sphereecosystCm,esPeciallyterrestrialecosystems,wouldbebrokenbecausetl1estructure,fu11ction,distributio11andtlledynamicsofanyexistedecosystemsareIberesultsoflongtermadaptationofbio-systemtocurrentclin1ate.Theec()systemsdistributedinhighlatitlldeareawouldhavemuchbiggerchai1ge(Bona…     

谈国有林区分类经营改革问题

从大兴安岭林区分类经营改革中的7个方面,分析论述国有林区分类经营改革的问题,并提出分类经营改革要结合林区实际进行研究试点,在有利于森林的可持续发展和发挥三大效益的前提下稳步推进。     

林下经济发展存在问题及建议

发展林下经济是解决当地农民摆脱贫困,实现小康生活的有效途径之一。从威宁县林下经济发展实际出发,总结了发展林下经济的主要模式,同时根据林下经济发展过程中存在问题,提出相关建议,为林下经济发展提出参考。