旅游活动对庐山风景区土壤的影响

以庐山国家级自然风景名胜区为研究对象,采用抽样调查的方法,通过对庐山的4条步道,即中九路步道、汉口峡步道、大月山水库步道及环庐林湖步道外侧土壤的硬度、枯枝落叶层的厚度、土壤腐殖质层的厚度等指标进行了测量分析,探讨了旅游活动对步道外侧土壤环境质量的影响,从而揭示旅游活动对庐山国家级自然风景名胜区步道及其外侧土壤环境的影响状况,为庐山步道旁环境的开发管理与规划提供了一些探索性的意见。     

Soil erosion rates in tropical villages: A case study from Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda

In an effort to pinpoint the sources of sediment pollution in Lake Victoria, the contribution of sediment from compounds, landing sites, unpaved roads and footpaths is determined in the catchment of Nabera Bay and Kafunda Bay at the northern shore of Lake Victoria in southern Uganda. The volume of soil loss is determined in 36 compounds, 1 school and 1 landing site by comparing the original and current soil surface. The original soil surface is reconstructed using botanical and man-made datable objects. The soil loss rates are calculated by dividing the eroded soil volume by the age of the oldest datable object. Considering all compounds and landing sites in the study area, the average soil loss rate in compounds amounts to 107 Mg ha^? 1 year^? 1 (per unit compound) and to 207 Mg ha^? 1 year^? 1 per unit landing site. The soil loss from footpaths and unpaved roads is calculated by multiplying the total length of footpaths and unpaved roads with the average width and soil loss depth. The mean soil loss rate on footpaths is 34 Mg ha^? 1 year^? 1 and on unpaved roads equals 35 Mg ha^? 1 year^? 1. Compounds, landing sites, footpaths and unpaved roads occupy a small fraction of the study area (2.2%), but contribute disproportionately to the total soil loss (i.e. 85%) in the study area. It is concluded that compounds, landing sites, footpaths and unpaved roads are very significant sources of sediment pollution to Lake Victoria. This needs to be considered when designing strategies to reduce sediment production in the area.