一株产红色素的丝枝蜡蚧霉新菌株

为了对我国西部地区土壤中稀有且重要的真菌资源进行调查,采用经典形态学及分子系统学方法相结合,对获得的菌株进行鉴定。从西藏采集的样品中分离获得一株蜡蚧霉GZUIFR.SP477菌株,其主要特征是:菌落白色,背面鲜红色;分生孢子梗上仅2-3个瓶梗着生,大多数瓶梗直接着生于菌丝上,单生、对生至轮生;瓶梗椭圆形至柱状,(5.5-10)μm×(1.5-1.8)μm;分生孢子卵圆至长椭圆形,(2.5-6.0)μm×(1.8-2.2)μm,呈短链。基于形态学及分子系统学方法相结合鉴定,蜡蚧霉GZUIFR.SP477菌株为我国一新记录种,丝枝蜡蚧霉Lecanicillium aphanocladii ZareW.Gams。     

Impact of high temperatures on the marketable tuber yield and related traits of potato

A rapid warming of 2.8–5.3 °C by the end of this century is expected in South Korea. Considering the current temperature during the spring potato growing season (emergence to harvest; ca. 18 °C), which is near the upper limit of the optimum temperature for potato yield, the anticipated warming will adversely affect potato production in South Korea. The present study assessed the impact of high temperature on the marketable tuber yield and related traits of cv. Superior (which makes up 71% of the annual potato production in South Korea) in four temperature-controlled plastic houses and an outdoor field (37.27°N, 126.99°E) during 2015–2016. The target temperatures of the four plastic houses were set to ambient (AT), AT+1.5 °C, AT+3.0 °C, and AT+5.0 °C. The marketable tuber yield was significantly reduced by 11% per 1 °C increase over a temperature range of 19.1–27.7 °C. The negative impact of high temperature was associated not only with the yield loss of total tubers, which was mostly explained by the slower tuber bulking rate, but also the reduced marketable tuber ratio under temperatures above 23 °C, which was mainly attributed to the reduced number of marketable tubers (r = 0.79***). Under moderate temperatures below 23 °C, the source limited the number of marketable tubers without reducing the marketable tuber ratio. In contrast, the number of marketable tubers was limited by the marketable tuber set at the early growth stage rather than the source under the higher temperatures, which resulted in the reduction in the marketable tuber ratio below 56%. These results suggest that the objectives of breeding and agronomic management for adapting to the rapid warming in South Korea should include maintaining the ability to form tubers at the early growth stage under high temperatures, as well as the photosynthetic capacity and sink strength of the tubers.     

循环解吸-吸湿处理对尾巨桉胀缩性的影响

采用人工模拟大气湿度变化环境,对尾巨桉木材进行循环解吸-吸湿处理,并测定木材的弦向胀缩性.结果表明:在解吸过程中,初含水率对尾巨桉木材弦向干缩率影响显著;在吸湿过程中,循环处理次数对尾巨桉木材弦向湿胀率影响显著.循环处理可以使尾巨桉木材弦向胀缩率达到稳定的时间缩短,有利于其尺寸稳定.     

Effects of synthetic kainic acid on microfilament expression and gap junction in astrocytes

AIM：To study the effects of synthetic kainic acid (SKA) and 1-heptanol (1-Hep), a gap junction blocker, on the cytoskeletal filament expression in the astrocytes. METHODS：The neonatal rat brain was obtained from the Wistar rats (1 day old) and primary purified astrocytes were obtained by differential attachment for removing filamentoblasts and orbital shaker for removing the oligodendrocytes. The effects of SKA and other interventions on the morphologic changes and expression levels of skeleton protein filamentous actin (F-actin) were observed in the astrocytes after 24 h of the exposures by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The effect of 1-Hep on the expression of F-actin was also explored. RESULTS：Compared with control group, the fluorescence intensities in KCl group and KCl+SKA group were increased, and highly increased in KCl+SKA group. The F-actin filaments in the above 2 groups were more intensive, thickened and concentrated than those in control group, and more obvious in KCl+SKA group. l-Hep significantly decreased the expression of F-actin in KCl group and KCl+SKA group as compared with control group, and parts of the filamentous fracture were seen in the astrocytes in all 1-Hep-treated groups, in which some of the filamentous lines were crosscut. CONCLUSION：Increase in the expression of F-actin in the astrocytes affects the structure and function of the intercellular gap junctions, which may be involved in the mechanism of SKA-induced epilepsy.     

碳源调理剂对黄瓜秧堆肥进程和碳氮养分损失的影响

由于中国蔬菜产地的黄瓜秧无害化处理与循环利用缺乏针对性的使用技术,这类废弃资源多成为当地的环境污染源。该文以黄瓜秧为原料(空白对照,CK)进行高温好氧堆肥,并在此基础上设置2组处理,即把玉米秸秆(CS)和木本泥炭(WP)作为辅助碳源调理剂,按照C/N比为25添加到物料中。通过对比分析不同处理的CO2和氨气的排放速率和累积量、物料损失率、有机质含量、p H值、电导率(EC)、发芽指数等指标,研究外加碳源对黄瓜秧堆肥过程和碳氮氧分损失的影响,以期实现对黄瓜秧堆肥化进程进行工艺优化,并降低碳氮元素以气态形式的损失,进而减少温室气体排放。结果表明:玉米秸秆和木本泥炭作为外加碳源调理剂,可以减少物料损失量,加速堆肥腐熟进程,其中尤以玉米秸秆效果更佳。但是,玉米秸秆的添加会增加整个堆肥过程中有机质的降解和CO2的排放强度,提高累积排放量(100g/kg),而木本泥炭会减少有机质的降解总量和CO2的累积排放量(77g/kg);玉米秸秆和木本泥炭都有利于控制堆肥过程中氨气的排放,且作用时间和机理不同。综合考虑堆肥进程和气体损失,木本泥炭作为碳源调理剂的改良效果更优于秸秆,应进一步研究两者联合使用的效果。     

温度对马铃薯块茎形成膨大的影响

 本试验采用"771—56"(早中熟)和"疫不加"(中晚熟)两个品种,分春、秋作,共6个播种期研究马铃薯块茎形成膨大对温度的反应。结果表明:马铃薯各生育期的长短都需要一定的度·日温度积累。播期不同显著影响匐匍茎形成和块茎形成的早迟,但不影响度·日数的变化,品种和季节不同,度·日数也不同。块茎形成不仅要求一定的度·日温度,而且要在一定的温度(16℃左右)条件下,块茎膨大的适宜温度为14～22℃,而最适温度为17～19℃。     

污泥膨胀的原因及其控制方法

污泥膨胀不仅影响出水水质,增大污泥的处理费用,而且极易引起大量污泥流失,严重时可导致整个处理工艺失败。污泥膨胀分为丝状菌性污泥膨胀和非丝状菌性污泥膨胀,主要影响因素有污水水质、溶解氧、污泥负荷、冲击负荷以及运行方式和处理工艺等。通过临时控制措施、工艺设计控制措施、工艺运行控制措施可有效解决污泥膨胀问题。尽管当前有一些理论解释污泥膨胀问题,如表面积/容积比(A/V)假说,动力学理论,饥饿假说理论、NO假设,但缺乏充分的实验证明模型适用与否。需进一步完善污泥膨胀理论,为控制污泥膨胀提供严谨的理论依据。     

不同工艺和调理剂对猪粪高温堆肥的影响

采用在塑料大棚内堆制方法，研究了不同工艺条件和不同调理剂的猪粪高温堆肥的影响。结果表明，原工艺堆肥初期温度上升缓慢，堆体中微生物长时间不能达到合适的生长温度，使发酵效率降低，发酵时间明显延长，同时，原工艺堆体散发出的氨味非常浓，导致肥料产品营养成分散失严重；而改进工艺堆肥升温快，微生物生长繁殖迅速，从而有效地缩短了发酵时间，堆肥物料有淡淡的氨味和酵香味；新鲜猪粪中加入锯末、干猪粪及蘑菇渣作为调理剂，调节初始物料含水率至65％左右，并接入合适的微生物菌剂有利于猪粪发酵腐熟；干猪粪和蘑菇渣作为调理剂具有相似的效果，但干猪粪容易获得，并且处理氮的转化率更高，更适合作为堆肥调理剂。     

温度及调理剂对模拟猪粪堆肥过程中CO_2释放规律的影响

试验在10℃和20℃下分别以玉米秸秆、大豆秸秆和水稻秸秆为调理剂,在人工气候培养箱中模拟猪粪户外堆肥,研究CO2的释放规律。结果表明,温度的高低对CO2释放量的具有明显的影响,在相同调理剂处理下20℃条件下培养时,CO2的日释放量明显高于10℃条件下的日释放量,在3种调理剂中,CO2的日释放量:玉米秸秆>大豆秸秆>水稻秸秆。     

角蛋白分解真菌的分离筛选及初步鉴定

[目的]为动物角蛋白的高效、经济降解和利用提供新种质资源。[方法]采用传统分离筛选、固体基质降解和动物试验相结合的方法,对角蛋白降解菌进行了分离筛选及初步鉴定。[结果]得到1株非致病、降解效率较高的丝状真菌,并初步鉴定为毛霉科（Mucora-ceae）的一个种。[结论]该菌株的发现丰富了角蛋白降解菌的家族成员,为动物角蛋白的降解利用提供了新种质资源。