抗霉菌素“120”与杀灭菊酯混用防治效果试验

抗霉菌素“120”是一种新的农用抗菌素,防治农作物上多种病害都有效。实验室试验证明;本剂与杀灭菌酯混用,对防治病害和虫害的效果没有不良影响,因此可以减少打药次数,有一定经济意义。     

筛选敏感昆虫检测拟除虫菊酯类农药残留*

 选取拟除虫菊酯类农药中有代表性农药,对长期室内饲养的家蝇、果蝇、马铃薯块茎蛾、米象及黄粉虫等进行毒力测定,筛选出相对敏感昆虫用于检测拟除虫菊酯类农药残留,并通过色谱法对其检测结果进行评价。结果显示:家蝇对拟除虫菊酯类最敏感(溴氰菊酯LC₅₀=0.08487μg/mL,氰戊菊酯LC₅₀=5.5602μg/mL),其检测灵敏度可与色谱相媲美。     

Effect of short term exposure of fenvalerate on biochemical and haematological responses in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings

Experiment was carried out to determine the median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of fenvalerate to Labeo rohita fingerlings. After determining the LC₅₀ value of fenvalerate, a sub-lethal concentration (1/3rd of LC₅₀) of fenvalerate was exposed for 15 days. Significant alterations in SOD (P < 0.05) activity of liver and gill was observed due to fenvalerate. Catalase activity in gills of fishes was also affected significantly (P < 0.05). WBC, NBT and Hct values were reduced significantly in fenvalerate exposed fishes as compared to control group, whereas blood glucose level showed higher values in fenvalerate exposed group. Serum total protein and albumin were also reduced significantly as a result of fenvalerate exposure. Significant increase in the serum GOT, serum GPT, creatinine, triglyceride and serum ACP was noticed after 15 days of fenvalerate exposure. Results indicated that short term exposure of fenvalerate can induce biochemical and haematological alterations causing stress to L. rohita fingerlings.     

上海四种重要农业害虫对几种杀虫剂的抗药性调查

氰戊菊酯等杀虫剂对上海四种重要农业害虫的毒力测定结果表明,除粘虫对氰戊菊酯未产生抗药性外,其余三种害虫对氰戊菊酯等产生了不同程度的抗药性。其中以上海县七宝镇的小菜蛾、菜青虫对氰戊菊酯和敌百虫的抗药性最强,分别达307.1倍和440.9倍以上。青浦县青东农场,上海县七宝和松江县五里塘乡的菜青虫对氰戊菊酯分别产生了38.0、16.9和14.9倍的抗药性,对乙酰甲胺磷产生了2.5～8.5倍抗药性。七宝地区小地老虎对氰戊菊酯产生16.0倍抗药性。增效剂I(MGK 类似物)和芝麻油对氰戊菊酯具增效作用,配比为3:1时,增效比分别为2.2和2.8。对四种害虫测定的结果显示了供试药剂的毒力顺序为:氟氰皮菊酯>氰戊菊酯>乙酰甲胺磷>敌百虫。     

Effect of fenvalerate on oxidative stress biomarkers in the brackish water prawn Penaeus monodon

The toxicity of fenvalerate to the prawn Penaeus monodon was evaluated using biomarkers of stress. In a preliminary bioassay test, P. monodon was exposed to a series of fenvalerate concentrations, which showed 4, 6.5 and 8.5 μg L⁻¹ to be sublethal, median lethal and lethal, respectively. Sublethal effect of fenvalerate was further evaluated in hepatopancreas, muscle and gills of prawns with reference to oxidative stress biomarkers. Significant induction of lipid peroxidation and glutathione-S-transferase activity was found in hepatopancreas, muscle and gills of prawns exposed to fenvalerate when compared to control (P < 0.001, P < 0.05 and P < 0.05). On the contrary, the activities of Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, vitamin E and glutathione were found to be reduced in the experimental group of prawns when compared to control. The results suggest that the animals were under oxidative stress when exposed to sublethal concentration of fenvalerate.     

乐氰乳油对长足大竹象的防治试验

利用农药乐氰乳油对慈竹长足大竹象Cyrtorachelus buqueti进行了室内和室外防治试验。结果表明施药浓度为300-600倍液，竹笋的成竹率从50％提高到75．9％～76．7％，显示了乐氰乳油对长足大竹象具有较好的防治效果。     

斜纹夜蛾抗性品系选育及其在肟醚类杀虫剂活性评价中的应用

以氰戊菊酯为供试药剂,对斜纹夜蛾种群进行了抗性选育,同时评价了肟醚类化合物对抗性品系的毒力。结果表明,斜纹夜蛾经过连续3代的单对筛选和群体筛选得到的氰戊菊酯抗性品系(Fen-R),其抗性倍数达101.74,比筛选前提高了2.17倍,并对乙酰甲胺磷和丁硫克百威具有明显的交互抗性;经过连续2代单对筛选得到的相对敏感品系,其对氰戊菊酯的LC50从126.34μg/mL下降到46.89μg/mL;HNPC-A9835、A9908和A9955等3个新化合物对斜纹夜蛾Fen-R的毒力均显著地高于乙酰甲胺磷和丁硫克百威,其中HNPC-A9955还优于氰戊菊酯。     

茅山,铜山林区马尾松毛虫的耐药性研究

本文采用生物测定方法对江苏江宁铜山林区和句容茅山林区的马尾松毛虫 (Dendrolimus punctatus Walker) 进行了耐药性研究。结果表明:马尾松毛虫对氰戊菊酯的耐药力随龄期增加而增大,6龄幼虫耐药力为3龄幼虫的37倍。受药次数多的铜山林区虫群与未受药的茅山林区虫群比较,对溴氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的耐药力均有所提高,抗性指数分别达到2.9和2.1。     

白蚁防治剂毒死蜱和氰戊菊酯在土壤中的吸附行为

应用平衡法研究了毒死蜱和氰戊菊酯在取样于宁波地区的3种典型土壤（淡涂泥土、黄斑青紫泥土和山地黄泥砂土）的吸附行为。结果表明,淡涂泥土、黄斑青紫泥土和山地黄泥砂土对毒死蜱的吸附常数分别为121.4088、477.7604、3537.0809;对氰戊菊酯的吸附常数分别为15.7476、100.8772、102.3091,表明无论是山地黄泥砂土、黄斑青紫泥土,还是淡涂泥土,对毒死蜱的吸附性均远高于氰戊菊酯。通过吸附常数Kd与土壤的有机质含量、pH值以及阳离子代换量等理化性质进行单因子回归分析,表明毒死蜱和氰戊菊酯的土壤吸附率（Y）除与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关外,与土壤阳离子交换量的相关性也呈显著相关性     

山西省棉蚜对常用五种农药抗药性普查与监测研究

应用微量毛细管点滴法，对山西省３个棉区棉蚜进行了抗药性普查和监测研究。结果表明，对氰戊菊酯、氧化乐果、久效磷、呋喃丹和灭多威，临猗县棉蚜抗药性分别属于极高等水平、低等水平、敏感水平、中等水平和低等水平；襄汾县棉蚜除对氰戊菊酯的抗性处于高－极高等水平外，对其他４种农药的抗性与临猗县棉蚜相同；平遥县棉蚜除对氰戊菊酯和灭多威抗性分别处于中－高等水平和低等水平外，对其他３种农药均处于敏感水平。山西省棉蚜抗药性在近１０年中均有增长，尤其对氰戊菊酯的抗性增加很快。目前南部棉区棉蚜抗药性水平大于中部棉区棉蚜抗药性水平，这与南部棉区用药水平高有直接的关系。