植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果扦插生根的影响

选取五年生健壮费约果树为母株,采用L9(33)正交设计法研究植物生长调节剂、基质对三个品种费约果半木质化枝条扦插生根的影响。本试验结果表明：不同品种、植物生长调节剂和基质处理的生根的影响呈显著性水平。影响费约果扦插枝条生根率因素的主次顺序为品种>植物生长调节剂>基质;影响根长因素的主次顺序为基质>植物生长调节剂>品种;影响插穗根数的因素主次顺序品种>基质>植物生长调节剂。Gemini品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+珍珠岩为基质,生根效果最好,生根率为70.00%,平均根长为8.85 cm,平均根数为10.22条/穗;Unique品种经1000 mg/L ABT浸泡两分钟,以腐叶土+蛭石为基质,生根效果较好,生根率为56.67%,平均根长为9.32 cm,平均根数为12.33条/穗;Coolidge品种生根率低,均≤20 %。     

Improvements in somatic embryogenesis protocol in Feijoa (Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret): Induction,conversion and synthetic seeds

Pineapple guava (Acca sellowiana) syn. Feijoa sellowiana, a Brazilian indigenous Myrtaceae is under domestication in South Brazil. Previous works showed that this species is responsive to somatic embryogenesis and recalcitrant to conventional methods of clonal propagation. In the present work it was evaluated the role of components of culture medium in the induction and development of somatic embryos. The technology of synthetic seeds was also evaluated. Zygotic embryos were inoculated in LPm medium supplemented with 8 mM glutamic acid and 8 mM l-glutamine, 2,4-dichlophenoxiacetic acid (20 μM) and myo-inositol. For conversion of somatic embryos and synthetic seeds it was tested the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellic acid combined or not with activated charcoal. The highest values for embryogenetic induction (100%) and number of somatic embryos/explant (113) were observed in the LPm medium supplemented with Glu (8 mM), and 2,4-D. The culture medium supplemented with BA (0.5 μM) and GA₃ (1 μM) and activated charcoal (1.5 g L⁻¹) enhanced the conversion of somatic embryos to plantlets. Pre-germinated somatic embryos encapsulated in sodium alginate with BA (0.5 μM) and GA₃ (1 μM) developed radicles. The use of synthetic seed was a requisite for the survival of plantlets.     

Callus Induction of Aloe vera L var chinensis (Haw) Berg

Studies were given to the induction and growth of callus of Aloe vera L.var.chinensis(Haw.) Berg when the young stem was applied as explant.MS was taken as basic medium,added with various concentrations of auxins(IAA,IBA,NAA and 2,4-D),cytokinins(6-BA,KT and Zeatin) and the different combinations of these plant growth regulators.Results showed that the callus is barely induced by cytokinin alone,and the callus induction rates have significant difference when different concentrations of auxin and different combinations of auxin with cytokinin are used on the MS medium.In order to inhibit callus browning during culturing,various concentrations of vitamin C or active carbon are added into four combinations of auxin and cytokinin respectively,which can induce callus most effectively.The result showsd that vitamin C can alleviate callus browning more effectively than the active carbon.The most efficient medium for induction and growth of callus of Aloe vera L.var.chinensis(Haw.) Berg was MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+10 mg/ L vitamin C,with which the callus induction rate can reach to 91.4% and callus grow vigorously.     

北方温室栽培费约果生长特性研究

为了解费约果生长结果特性,探讨其在设施生产中所需要的环境和技术条件,进行了费约果的引种和设施栽培试验。结果表明:北方加温温室中的费约果植株生长正常,2 a生植株中结果的植株占13%,结果树的平均结果数量为6个。267株费约果植株中以直立型和半开张型的分别为42%和45%,开张型植株为13%。但是,开张型植株进入结果期的最多,占总植株数的40%,半开张树型的占12%,直立树型的占13%。在含盐量0.25%,pH 8.1的土壤上,64%的费约果植株生长正常,15%轻度黄化,18%中度黄化,3%重度黄化。     

基于转录组测序筛选乌苏里白鲑肌肉生长关键候选基因研究

为了挖掘调控乌苏里白鲑(Coregonus ussurinsis Berg)肌肉生长的关键候选基因,本研究对不同生长速度乌苏里白鲑的肌肉组织进行转录组测序,以期为乌苏里白鲑群体选育提供基础数据。首先,在同等条件下(从混合池中)随机选择乌苏里白鲑F2个体进行实验分组(快长组和慢长组)。接着分别从快长组[体重为(219.20±38.66) g]和慢长组[体重为(74.30±17.86) g]中随机选取10尾样本,取其背部肌肉进行转录组测序。以FDR (false discovery rate)<0.05且|log2(FC)|>1 (FC, fold change)为条件筛选差异表达基因并对其进行GO (gene ontology)和KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)富集分析,并通过qPCR验证转录组数据的准确性。转录组测序结果显示,共筛选出2 211个差异表达基因,与慢长组相比,快长组中583个差异基因表达上调及1 628个基因表达下调。GO功能注释结果显示,差异基因主要参与细胞过程和结合过程,差异基因显著富集到251条KEGG通路(P<0.05),其中,MAPK信号通路(MAPK signaling pathway)、PI3K-Akt信号通路(PI3K-Akt signaling pathway)、紧密连接(tight junction)、胰岛素信号通路(insulin signaling pathway)、糖酵解/糖异生(glycolysis/gluconeogenesis)和PPAR信号通路(PPAR signaling pathway)参与细胞生长。之后结合功能注释结果和KEGG,鉴定出肌浆/内质网钙ATP酶基因atp2a1和atp2a2、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因g6pc、生长因子结合蛋白1基因igfbp1以及肌球蛋白重链基因myh1、myh4、myh6、myh7、myh9和myh13等可能与肌肉生长密切相关的基因。本研究共筛选出10个可能与乌苏里白鲑肌肉生长相关的关键候选基因,为今后乌苏里白鲑分子标记辅助育种提供了基础数据。     

费约果花芽石蜡切片技术的改良

为获得用石蜡切片方法观察费约果花芽形成和分化的整个过程的最优条件,选择了3 个不同发育时期的花芽进行石蜡切片技术研究。以常规石蜡切片方法为基础,在固定、软化、脱水、透明、包埋以及染色等具体方法上进行了适合费约果花芽特点的改良。结果表明：对材料进行24 h 盐酸水溶液浸泡法进行软化后,采用优化后的一系列脱水、透明等步骤进行制片操作,可以得到连续的、完整的蜡带;最终获得切片通过显微观察,可见材料内部结构完整、染色清晰。优化后的石蜡切片技术,避免了常规制片过程中出现浸蜡不彻底、组织变硬变脆、蜡带不连续、内部结构不完整等问题。该研究为费约果石蜡切片技术提供了一套具体的操作步骤,同时也为与费约果花芽结构相似树种的研究提供技术参考。     

落地生根胎生苗发育解剖学研究

以室内栽培的落地生根(Bryophyllum daigremontianum(Ham.et Perr.)A.Berg)为材料,利用常规石蜡切片法,对其胎生苗发育过程进行了解剖学研究。结果表明,落地生根的胎生苗是一种特殊的胎生苗类型,由叶的边缘粗齿的凹陷处伸长并向外反转成舌状体,并在舌状体上表面形成胎生苗原基;胎生苗发育,由胎生苗原基上端分化产生不定芽,不定芽发育后期,在胎生苗原基基部产生一至数枚不定根原基,胎生苗脱落前,不定根一般不伸出体外。胎生苗发育成熟后由离层处自行脱落、传播,不定根迅速伸长,扎入土中,很快形成独立植株。     

菲油果抗寒指标主成分分析

为探讨菲油果(Feijoa sellowiana)的抗寒特性,以引种的“Coolidge”和“Mammoth”2个菲油果新品种成熟叶为试验材料,在自然越冬过程及人工低温胁迫条件下,对测定的叶片电导率、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、丙二醛(MDA)等生理指标进行主成分分析.结果表明,自然越冬过程中,电导率的表现最为突出,可作为鉴定菲油果抗寒性的单一指标;在人工低温胁迫条件下,可以通过提高Pro、POD和可溶性糖的含量来抵御低温伤害.     

额尔齐斯河东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)寄生虫调查研究

按照鱼类寄生虫调查及研究方法,对额尔齐斯河(中国段)东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)寄生虫种类及感染情况进行了调查研究。结果检出寄生虫8种:对盲囊线虫、复口吸虫、温氏指环虫、宽头鲤蠢绦虫、奇怪双身虫、复殖吸虫幼虫、泡吻棘头虫和毛细线虫。感染率分别达43.75%,37.5%,18.75%,18.75%,14.58%,12.5%,8.33%,2.08%。奇怪双身虫经检索鉴定,为我国单殖吸虫纲铗钩虫目双身虫科的一属、种新记录。