农业应急指挥系统的防危性分析

农业应急指挥系统作为关键应用一旦发生故障会造成不可挽回的损失,因此必须具有防危性,而解决使用多年的农业应急指挥系统的防危性问题就显得更为迫切。本文采用失效模式与效应分析(FMEA)方法对遗留的农业应急指挥系统进行初步的防危性分析,并使用故障树分析(FTA)方法对遗留系统进行详细分析和验证,最后提供实例论证了所用方法的有效性。     

3种提取基因组DNA方法的比较分析

分别采用3种不同的方法提取基因组DNA，比较所提取的DNA的质量以及提取所需时间、费用，以期选择一种高效、简洁快速、价格合理的提取方法。结果发现这3种方法提取的质量都能达到相关分子生物学试验的要求，但在操作步骤、时间、价格等方面存在差异，具体比较结果可为分子生物学试验选择提取方法提供依据。     

Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.     

Comparison of polymerase chain reaction methods for the detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Theileria equi</Emphasis> infection using whole blood compared with pre-extracted DNA samples as PCR templates

Rapid, efficient, and reproducible procedures for isolating DNA before PCR gene amplification are essential for the diagnosis of piroplasms. In this study, we evaluated the ease and reliability of detecting Theileria equi by PCR using pre-extracted DNA samples (by QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and phenol-chloroform methods) compared with blood spotted on FTA cards as PCR templates. Although minimal variations in limit of detection were observed among the methods compared, overall, the use of pre-extracted DNA samples and blood spotted on FTA cards had comparable detection limits. These results indicate that T. equi infection can be efficiently detected directly from FTA cards by PCR without the need for pre-extraction of DNA from blood samples.     

用卡片PCR法检测卡耶他环孢子虫

使用FTA卡片法提取卡耶他环孢子虫DNA,利用特异性引物组F1E/R2B、CC719/CRP999进行巢式PCR,得到1条298bp的特异条带。并以柔嫩艾美尔球虫、贝氏隐孢子虫等作为对照,结果显示,除卡耶他环孢子虫外,均无特异性条带。用卡耶他环孢子虫卵囊进行巢式PCR敏感性试验,结果显示敏感度最高达1.0×100个/mL。     

FTA分析法在森林割草机上的应用

为解决森林割草机设备可靠性问题，采用FTA分析法对设备系统失效事件进行计算，为制订相应的预案提供理论依据，以提高设备保障能力。     

从《跨太平洋伙伴协议》（TPP）看美国区域贸易协定环境议题的发展

美国正在通过《跨太平洋伙伴协定》（TPP）构建新一代高标准的自由贸易协定范本。其高标准反映在若干方面，环境议题的变化尤为明显。通过文章的梳理和分析，同NAFTA和其他所有美国同他国间的自由贸易协定相比，TPP谈判草案环境章节涵盖的环境议题更多、加载给成员国的环境义务更重、规定的争端解决方式更具体、文本可操作性更强。这些变化说明环境议题在自由贸易协定中的地位日益凸显，彰显出贸易与环境之间相互制衡的关系在新贸易规则构建过程中的分量。中国的环境法律相对薄弱，是否以及何时加入TPP谈判应再三权衡。     

In vitro metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang–Huang–Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the in vitro metabolism in Sprague–Dawley rat liver microsomes of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from Sprague–Dawley rat liver microsomes in the presence of β-NADPH or UDPGA that forsythoside A may be the substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, UGT1A6, UGT1A3, UGT1A1 and UGT1A9; Chlorogenic acid may be the substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, UGT1A6, UGT1A3 and UGT1A1; Baicalin may be the substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP1A2, UGT1A9, UGT1A1 and UGT1A3; Baicalein may be the substrates of CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and UGT1A6. It was also found that the residue of forsythoside A in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR was greatly increased compared with that in FF in Sprague–Dawley rat liver microsomes in the presence of β-NADPH or UDPGA, which indicated that the metabolism of forsythoside A in SHL may be influenced by chlorogenic acid in LJF acting on the CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, UGT1A6, UGT1A3 and UGT1A1; baicalin in SR acting on the CYP3A4, CYP1A2, UGT1A9, UGT1A1 and UGT1A3; baicalein acting on the CYP3A4 and UGT1A6 respectively.     

山东水果出口现状、影响因素及对策研究

以HS编码0801～0814涉及的鲜或干的水果及坚果为研究对象,运用贸易引力模型分析2011－2020年山东省水果出口至26个国家的影响因素。结果表明,山东省经济发展水平、出口目的地的经济发展水平与人口数量、地理距离、山东省水果产量、与我国签订自由贸易协定（free trade agreement,FTA）对山东省水果出口有显著影响。针对山东省水果出口存在的问题,提出加快自贸区建设、调整出口结构、开拓出口市场、打造名牌水果产品、提升水果品质等对策,以促进山东省水果出口。