FDS火灾模拟与应用

利用FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)对火灾模型的设置进行了探讨和分析。结合作者多年应用FDS的实践经验,给出了FDS在室外燃烧实验方面的一些使用方法,并指出了FDS的应用限制。     

便携式土壤水分测试仪的设计与实现

介绍了一种基于CC2530的便携式土壤水分测试仪的设计与实现。该系统由CC2530小系统、FDS100水分传感器及GPS定位模块等组成,可完成土壤水分、测试地点经纬度、海拔等参数的采集和存储,用户可通过串口将所存数据转到计算机进行分析和处理。     

Numerical Simulation Analysis on Fire Facilities in an Underground Garage

The article uses the large Eddy simulation of Fire Dynamics Simulator（FDS）and parallel computing methods to numerical simulation on fire facilities in an underground garage. The main research is the effects of exhaust system and automatic sprinkler system in fire scene. Results show that: exhaust system can discharge high temperature and toxic gases, reduce smoke concentration and improve visibility effectively. Automatic water spray equipment mainly reduces heat release rate, and make smoke flow near the ceiling, which control the fire temperature very well. Combined with mechanical smoke exhaust system, it can better control the development of fire and effectively put out the initial fire. This study provides reference for fire safety design and assessment, which is of great significance to reduce casualties and property losses caused by the fire of underground garage.     

不同原理土壤水分传感器的室内外标定方法及对比测试研究

土壤水分是地表水循环的关键环节,也是农林系统的重要状态指标。土壤水分观测系统的研制有利于土壤水分的有效观测,从而及时掌握其时空动态变化规律。当前存在多种土壤水分传感器,如常见的基于不同工作原理的频域传感器(Frequency domain spec-troscopy,FDS)和电感传感器等,其成本、土壤含水量-信号曲线以及影响因素均有较大差异。选用国产的FDS传感器,研制了信号采集和长期存储的数据采集器,制成了低成本土壤水分观测系统。同时设计了基于不同试验条件与水分含量的室内控制试验和室外现场同步观测试验,将研制系统的观测结果与美国HOBO土壤水分观测系统的观测结果、环刀取样测试结果进行了比对分析。结果表明:土壤水分含量较低时,研制的土壤水分观测系统观测结果与实际值较接近,优于HOBO观测结果,且适用于瞬时速测和定点长期观测。HOBO传感器在不同环境下表现更为稳定,观测结果值域变化范围较小。盐度对2种土壤水分传感器测量结果均有重要影响。     

Analysis of Fire Smoke Movement with Different Air Velocity at the Stair head to the Hall of a Metro Station

When a fire happens at the subway platform, the downward ventilation at the staircase which connects the hall and platform can prevent smoke spreading into the hall and provides guiding air for evacuation people. To investigate the influence of the ventilation rate on the smoke movement, the air velocity at the staircase was measured under three ventilation modes. Numerical model was established to simulate the real fire scenario. It is shown that the downward air velocity under fire is greater than that without fire, and the traditional design procedure without considering complex factors interaction in real fire scenario should be improved; when fire is near the staircase, smoke easily spills from the smoke screen to the concourse. And smoke concentration of concourse is even higher than that of platform because the hall is under air supply mode; when the fire locates at the public area of the platform, turning on the tunnel fans can increase the downside flow at the staircase. However exceeding high flow can produce disturbance and destroy the smoke stratification, so more area will be filled with smoke. Therefore, reasonable smoke management scheme is as important as smoke exhausting system capability.     

聚乙烯储肥罐滚塑成型模具热辐射温度响应

现有天然气加热型滚塑成型成品聚乙烯储肥罐存在壁面加热不均的问题,难以满足储肥罐壁厚均匀性要求。针对以上问题,该研究对滚塑模具在加热室内热辐射作用下的温度响应进行研究,提出基于数值模拟的分析方法。利用FDS（Fire Dynamics Simulator）软件构建加热室(含10 m3滚塑模具)加热模型,模拟得到模具侧壁温度场分布热力图,获得加热室稳态温度变化范围为174～186 ℃;运用ANSYS软件建立容积10 m3滚塑模具热响应模型,结合模具结构、钢材和线型低密度聚乙烯(Linear Low Density Polyethylene)的热物理特性,获得加热阶段模具内壁面温度场分布情况,确定加热阶段模具内壁面温度变化范围为237～278 ℃。搭建试验平台并设置验证性试验,通过对4次试验数据的分析及处理,得到加热室温度变化曲线。对比分析仿真及试验结果,得到稳态温度误差小于4%,确定了FDS+ANSYS方法的可行性、仿真模型及结果的正确性和准确性。该研究可为聚乙烯储肥罐壁面厚度均匀性及加热室性能研究提供参考。     

贮木场楞堆火灾场景模拟设计

近年来,迅速发展的火灾计算机模型是了解火灾过程的有效工具。FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)作为一款免费的场模拟软件,可以对整个火灾过程进行动态模拟,为了研究楞堆火灾发生后蔓延的情况,利用FDS建立楞堆火灾蔓延模型,可为以后进一步的研究打下基础。     

Effects of Oxytetracycline on Methane Production and the Microbial Communities During Anaerobic Digestion of Cow Manure

The effects of different concentrations of oxytetracycline （OTC） on the dynamics of bacterial and archaeal communities during the mesophilic anaerobic digestion （37＆#176;C） of cow manure were investigated. Before anaerobic digestion, OTC was added to digesters at concentrations of 20, 50, and 80 mg L-1, respectively. Compared with no-antibiotic control, all methane productions underwent different levels of inhibition at different concentrations of OTC. Changes in the bacterial and archaeal communities were discussed by using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. Results showed that OTC affected the richness and diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities. The bacterial genus Flavobacterium and an uncultured bacterium （JN256083.1） were detected throughout the entire process of anaerobic digestion and seemed to be the functional bacteria. Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani and an uncultured archaeon （FJ230982.1） dominated the archaeal communities during anaerobic digestion. These microorganisms may have high resistance to OTC and may play vital roles in methane production.     

FDS在原木火灾研究中的应用探讨

文章从FDS软件的应用出发,归纳FDS在原木火灾研究中的应用现状,并对其在原木火灾数值模拟应用过程中的问题进行探讨,以促进原木火灾发展规律研究的开展以及FDS在原木火灾研究中的广泛运用,为原木火灾理论的丰富、先进消防技术的运用提供了一定的科学指导和理论依据。     

基于火灾模拟软件FDS的草原火灾蔓延规律数值分析

为了研究不同影响因素下草原火灾的蔓延规律,该文针对某一实际草场,首先利用火灾模拟软件FDS（fire dynamics simulator）建立其简化的草原火灾模型,并对影响计算精度的模型参数如网格密度、计算域高度、计算域尺寸的设定进行相关性分析;其次,基于相关性分析结果,对模型在不同风速下草原火灾的蔓延规律进行数值计算,将计算结果与野外试验结果进行比较,证明了模型的正确性;最后,对该模型在不同环境温度、不同坡度及不同可燃物含水率条件下草原火灾蔓延规律进行三维数值研究,分析比较各影响因素对草原火灾蔓延规律的影响,并给出了不同影响因素下火灾的热释放速率、燃烧速率等的变化规律,为制定有效的防火灭火措施提供理论依据。