鸡精液低温(5℃)和冷冻(-196℃)保存及其与受精率的关系

南农大鸡精液稀释液(NAUE)比美国贝尔滋维尔家禽精液稀释液(BPSE)和日本新泻大学家禽稀释液(ND-3)有更好的低温保存效果。低温保存9,56和114小时的受精率分别为88.9％,56.3％和29.4％。在冷冻解冻过程中,9％甘油较4％二甲基亚矾(DMSO)对精子活力有良好的保护效果,但新鲜的精液用甘油平衡120分钟后输精,却表现抗受精作用。用最终浓度4％DMSO的冷冻精液输精,获得42.9％的受精率。甘油处理的精子在平衡120分钟后,并不引起精子释放谷草转氨酶(GOT)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),但随着冷冻解冻过程其释放量显著增加(P<0.01)。甘油或DMSO处理后的畸形精子主要表现为颈部弯曲。甘油处理的精子,解冻后有中段膨大和线粒体鞘裸露的现象,但顶体及核膜无明显的变化。     

种公鸡精液稀释液的研究

种公鸡精液稀释与人工授精技术相结合,可以提高种公鸡的利用率,降低饲养成本,增加经济效益。就影响鸡精液稀释保存效果的相关因素,如稀释液物质组成、pH值、渗透压、稀释比例、稀释操作、输精频率等作一综述。     

Survival of Penicillium bilaiae inoculated on canola seed treated with Vitavax RS and Extender

The fungicide Vitavax RS and the seed polymer Extender were sequentially applied to canola seed to determine their effect on the fungal inoculum, Penicillium bilaiae. In the laboratory, the fungicide was applied at the recommended rate of 23.4 ml kg^–1, and the polymer was applied by the manufacturer. Significant death of P. bilaiae occurred after 2.5 days on the Vitavax RS-treated seed and after 1.5 days with the seed treated with both Vitavax RS and Extender. In field treatments, the seed was sown at six sites in the fall just prior to freeze-up. Results from the laboratory experiment indicate that there should be no harmful effects of the Vitavax RS and Extender on the P. bilaiae at the time of seeding because the seeds were sown within 2 h of inoculation. The environmental extremes in 2001 and 2002 resulted in large variations in the data. P. bilaiae did not increase yield under these conditions.     

猪精液冷冻保存试验效果初报

六种常温保存液对猪精液进行预处理后,再利用三种冷冻液进行冷冻保存试验,研究常温保存液和冷冻液对猪精液冷冻保存的影响及它们之间的配合效应,以冷冻-解冻后精子活力作为评定标准。结果表明:六种常温保存液对冻后精子的影响存在显著差异(P=0.003);三种冷冻保护液对冻后精子活力的影响无明显差异(P=0.585),但与常温保存液之间表现出明显的配合效应(P=0.0001),可能与常温保存液和冷冻液的成分及它们之间的相互关系有关。试验说明所选用的三种冷冻基础液对精子活力的影响不大,但与常温保存液配合后却能表现出很强的影响力;就单独分析两种因素对精子活力影响而言,常温保存液的预处理占主导地位。     

Quality of Raw and of Cold-Stored Semen in Icelandic Stallions

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of raw and cooled semen in Icelandic stallions. Experiments were performed using seven stallions aged between 3 and 19 years. From each stallion, six ejaculates were collected, and semen quality was determined. Thereafter, the semen was split into eight equal parts and processed with and without centrifugation using the extenders INRA 82-egg yolk, INRA 96, GENT, and Equi-Pro to a final concentration of 30 × 10⁶ sperm/mL. The extended semen was then cooled in an Equitainer, where it was stored for 24 hours, and subsequently refrigerated for another 24 hours at 5°C. Immediately after dilution as well as after 24 and 48 hours storage, sperm motility was analyzed using computer-assisted sperm analyzer, and viability was assessed after dual DNA staining with SYBR-14 in combination with propidium iodide. The results show that the stallion had a significant (P < .05) influence on all variables evaluated in raw semen, and mean (±SEM) values of 43.4 ± 4.3 mL for the volume, 193.0 ± 17.0 × 10⁶ sperm/mL for the concentration, 6.7 ± 0.5 × 10⁹ for total sperm and 73.5 ± 2.1% for total sperm motility, 48.7 ± 2.0% for progressive motility, and 65.3 ± 2.0% for rapid cells were measured. In the cold-stored semen, all variables were significantly (P < .05) influenced by the stallion, extender, and storage time (48 hours). Except for Equi-Pro, all extenders examined were suitable for cooled semen preservation. For storage of more than 24 hours, centrifugation and removal of the seminal plasma were advantageous for all extenders with the exception of Equi-Pro.     

稀释液溶质、渗透压、pH值和缓冲指数与低温保存鸡精液效果的关系

将葡萄糖、氯化钠、氯化钾、柠檬酸钠四种物质分别配制成三个渗透压水平(278mOsm、328mOsm、378mOsm)的12种单方精液稀释液，在低温(1～4℃)下进行鸡精液稀释保存试验，在四种物质中各选出一种好的稀释液，再将所选四种单方稀释液按不同比例制成复方精液稀释液，再次进行保存试验。所有稀释液均测定渗透压、pH值、缓冲指数、精子存活时间、精子生存指数等指标。结果表明：①柠檬酸钠、葡萄糖对鸡精液的保存具有重要作用，而氯化钾在鸡精液稀释液中并不是必需的。②复方稀释液保存效果普遍优于单方稀释液。③低温下鸡精液稀释液渗透压应为等渗或接近等渗，且最适渗透压还与构成稀释液的物质种类和相互配比有关系。④稀释液pH值应接近中性，最好与精液pH值保持一致。⑤在缓冲指数为3．894—7．257的范围内，缓冲指数与精子存活时间和生存指数呈现显著的负相关。     

犬精液冷冻与人工授精的研究——Ⅱ稀释液和冻精剂型对犬冻精解冻后活力的影响

从6条公犬采集其浓份精液36次.分别在稀释液Ⅰ和Ⅱ中冷冻成三种剂型的冻精(颗粒0.5ml细管和安瓿),根据解冻后活力比较其优劣.研究表明:稀释液Ⅰ中三种剂型的平均解冻后活力(0.35±0.04)显著高于稀释液Ⅱ(0.23± 0.05;P<0.01);两种稀释液中颗粒冻精的平均冻后活力(0.34±0.08)显著地高于细管(0.26±0.09;P<0.01)和安瓿(0.26±0.08;P<0.01);细管和安瓿之间差异不显著(P>0.05).     

猪精液冷冻保存试验效果初报

六种常温保存液对猪精液进行预处理后,再利用三种冷冻液进行冷冻保存试验,研究常温保存液和冷冻液对猪精液冷冻保存的影响及它们之间的配合效应,以冷冻-解冻后精子活力作为评定标准。结果表明:六种常温保存液对冻后精子的影响存在显著差异(P=0.003);三种冷冻保护液对冻后精子活力的影响无明显差异(P=0.585),但与常温保存液之间表现出明显的配合效应(P=0.0001),可能与常温保存液和冷冻液的成分及它们之间的相互关系有关。试验说明所选用的三种冷冻基础液对精子活力的影响不大,但与常温保存液配合后却能表现出很强的影响力;就单独分析两种因素对精子活力影响而言,常温保存液的预处理占主导地位。     

牛血清白蛋白对猪精液常温保存效果的影响

在猪人工授精技术中,良好的稀释液是提高精子活率的关键因素之一。为了研究牛血清白蛋白（BSA）对猪精液常温保存的影响,在基础液Modena中分别添加1、2、3、4、5和6 g/L 的BSA,检测精子活率、质膜完整率、顶体完整率以及总抗氧化能力（T AOC）和丙二醛（MDA）浓度,分析BSA对猪精液常温保存效果的影响。结果表明,Modena中添加3～5 g/L的BSA能显著延长猪精子有效保存时间、提高精子活率和质膜完整率、降低MDA的浓度（P<0.05）,但对顶体完整率和T AOC影响不大（P>0.05）,其中添加4 g/L的BSA效果最好,有效保存时间为7.5 d,经过7 d保存后精子活率、质膜完整率、顶体完整率分别为54%、49%和78%,T AOC和MDA的浓度分别为1.03 U/mL和17.51 μmol/L。研究结果说明,Modena中添加BSA能够提高常温保存精子的品质,其适宜添加量为4 g/L。     

稀释液·清洁剂·冷冻程序对猪精液冷冻效果的影响

探讨了稀释液、清洁剂及冷冻程序对猪精液冷冻保存效果的影响。结果显示:①稀释液Ⅳ保存鲜精,精子活率明显低于其他组(P<0.05);但其作为冻精的解冻稀释液时,效果最佳(P<0.05),说明猪精液冷冻保存时可采用第Ⅰ～Ⅲ组稀释液,而解冻时采用第Ⅳ组较佳。②稀释液中于不同阶段添加SDS(Sodiumlaurylsulfate,十二烷基硫酸钠)或OEP(OrvusESPaste,清洁剂)均能显著提高冷冻精子活率(P<0.05),SDS与OEP对冻精活率的影响无显著差异(P>0.05)。③精液冷冻程序采用-70℃、液氮熏蒸与直接液氮熏蒸在对解冻后冻精精子活率上无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加咖啡因能有效提高冻精的解冻后活率。