桑叶养猪实用技术

桑叶养猪实用技术分为桑树种植技术和桑叶干粉发酵养猪技术两个部分。利用荒地种植桑树,降低生猪养殖饲养成本,桑叶养猪种养结合,成为生态农业典范。桑叶干粉发酵技术,提高了桑叶干粉的可消化率和饲料功能。桑叶干粉发酵料占配方6%~10%,做成桑叶猪饲料,替代3%~5%鱼粉、豆粕等蛋白质饲料,节约了饲料成本。桑叶喂养猪(简称桑叶猪,下同)的猪肉中含有肌苷酸等风味物质,显著提高猪肉胴体品质和猪肉风味。设计猪尿处理,采用红泥膜沼气池降解工程工艺应用后,降解水兑2倍清水对桑树喷灌工艺,减少人工处理劳力和成本费用。设计10%抗非洲猪瘟中药饲料添加剂+桑叶饲料,预期防治非洲猪瘟总效果85%以上。桑叶养猪实用技术可行,供同行参考。     

Assessment of Uterine Vascular Perfusion During the Estrous Cycle of Mares in Connection to Circulating Leptin and Nitric Oxide Concentrations

The objective of this study was to find difference in vascular perfusion of uterine horns or uterine body throughout the estrous cycle and their relation to circulating nitric oxide and leptin concentrations. Five cyclic mares were subjected to transrectal Doppler ultrasonography and blood sampling for 18 days. Area of color and power Doppler modes was measured in pixels. Day (P = .0001) of the estrous cycle and ovulation (P = .0001) influenced uterine blood flow. Uterine body blood flow directed away from the transducer (blue, P = .0001) increased from day −5 until day 0 (day of ovulation), and its power (P = .0001) blood flow increased from day −6 until day 0; then, both decreased until days 12 and 10, respectively. Conversely to the contralateral uterine horn, ipsilateral uterine horn blood flow directed away from the transducer (blue, P = .0001) increased from day −5 until day −1, and its power (P = .0001) blood flow increased from day −6 until day 0; then, both decreased until day 10. Nitric oxide concentrations (P = .0001) attained two major peaks; the first on day −3 and the other persisted from day 2 until day 5. Leptin concentrations increased (P > .001) with a maximum value on day 0 and then decreased until a minimum value on day 9. In conclusion, during the estrous cycle, ipsilateral uterine horn and uterine body blood vessels had similar blood flow. Both leptin and nitric oxide played a role during follicle growth, ovulation, and corpus luteum development and modulated uterine blood flow before and after ovulation.     

Video tracking analysis of behavioral patterns during estrus in goats

Here, we report a new method for measuring behavioral patterns during estrus in goats based on video tracking analysis. Data were collected from cycling goats, which were in estrus (n = 8) or not in estrus (n = 8). An observation pen (2.5 m × 2.5 m) was set up in the corner of the female paddock with one side adjacent to a male paddock. The positions and movements of goats were tracked every 0.5 sec for 10 min by using a video tracking software, and the trajectory data were used for the analysis. There were no significant differences in the durations of standing and walking or the total length of movement. However, the number of approaches to a male and the duration of staying near the male were higher in goats in estrus than in goats not in estrus. The proposed evaluation method may be suitable for detailed monitoring of behavioral changes during estrus in goats.     

氮化处理粉末烧结材料耐磨性研究

利用MM－200磨损试验机研究了气体氮碳共渗和离子氮化处理铁基粉末烧结材料的氮化层对基磨损特性的影响，同时对其磨损机理进行了分析，研究结果表明，气体氮碳共渗和离子氮化处理改善了铁基粉末冶金材料的耐磨性，提高了磨损过程中的承载能力，离子氮化粉末冶金材料比气体氮碳共渗的粉末冶金材料具有更好的耐滑动磨损性能，氮碳共渗的粉末冶金试样在低于200N载荷对主要为氧化磨损，在高于200N载荷时为剥层磨损，离子氮化处理的铁基粉末冶金材料在给定试验条件下主要为氧化磨损。     

无角道塞特羊胚胎移植技术研究

(1)超排处理无角道塞特绵羊163只,育成羊(76只)只均回收胚胎5.53枚,可用胚3.91枚,经产母羊(87只)只均回收胚胎7.55枚,可用胚6.34枚。经产羊平均回收胚胎总数高于育成羊(P<0.05)。春季和秋季之间超排效果差异不明显。重复超排羊和非重复超排羊之间平均回收胚胎总数和可用胚胎数差异均不显著(P>0.05)。(2)共处理受体876只,春季和秋季受体的同期发情率分别为56.37%和89.02%,发情受体利用率分别为84.67%和88.77%。(3)移植受体545只,妊娠318只,产羔396只,受体移植妊娠率为58.35%,移植胚胎成羔率为57.47%,在移植受体中,小尾寒羊的妊娠率最高为61.2%,同羊和内蒙细毛羊分别为54.62%和56.58%,受体品种之间移植妊娠率差异不显著(P>0.05)。受体黄体数对移植妊娠率及胚胎成羔率有一定的影响。胚胎的发育阶段对移植妊娠率也有影响,移植囊胚受体妊娠率最高为64.76%,明显高于早期桑椹胚移植妊娠率42.86%(P<0.05)。胚胎成羔率从桑椹胚到囊胚差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

ABT生根粉在固沙造林中的应用

在河西沙漠绿洲边缘风沙危害重点区,为了提高流动沙丘的造林成活率,以达到防治风沙危害、保护和恢复绿洲边缘植被以及改善生态环境的目的,研究选用沙生植物沙拐枣、花棒、梭梭一年生苗木,分别采用ABT生根粉50mg/kg、100mg/kg、150mg/kg、200mg/kg和500mg/kg不同浓度水平进行处理,以不处理的作为对照(CK),在流动沙丘进行造林对比试验,结果得出3种沙生植物经ABT生根粉处理的树种造林成活率明显高于各自不处理的成活率。其中沙拐枣和花棒两种树种经ABT生根粉150mg/kg浓度处理林成活率最高分别达到了98.462%和81.429%。并且经ABT生根粉处理的造林树种与未处理对照造林树种相比有明显地增加根系数量及对高生长有显著影响作用。梭梭用ABT生根粉处理的造林试验,经调查数据分析显示200mg/kg浓度处理成活率高于其它水平处理及未处理的对照。     

烯效唑干粉拌种降低小麦不育系株高的效应

为了加大杂交小麦制种时的父母本株高差异,获得良好的制种效果,用不同剂量的烯效唑干粉和待播不育系种子均匀混合,以探索烯效唑干粉拌种的适宜剂量和不同不育系对烯效唑的敏感性.结果表明,烯效哇干粉拌种可以显著降低小麦不育系的株高,30 mg·kg-1是多数供试不育系的适宜拌种剂量;不同不育系对烯效唑的敏感性有一定差异,在烯效唑用量为20 mg·kg-1时,各不育系的株高降低率差异不显著;在烯效唑用量为30 mg·kg-1和40 mg·kg-1时,各不育系的株高降低率以268S为最高,极显著高于海大S-1和海大S-2,而与2110-2-5-2-5S无显著差异.     

不同饲养管理条件下黄牛的同期发情试验

[目的]为了便于集中配种或胚胎移植。[方法]采取了三种方法：一次PG改进法、CI-DR＋PMSG＋PG＋LHRH-A3法、PMSG＋PG＋LHRH-A3法处理三种不同饲养管理条件下的黄牛,诱导同期发情。[结果]表明四次处理的同期发情率分别为100%、100%、98.8%、82.4%,人工授精或胚胎移植受胎率分别为27.3%、80%、76.5%、59.2%。[结论]从经济角度表明一次PG改进法、PMSG＋PG＋LHRH-A3法是比较切合实际,也比较理想的同期发情方法,效果也比较理想。     

女贞枸杞散预防断奶仔猪腹泻效果和对血液白细胞数的影响

为探讨以女贞子、枸杞子、穿心莲、大青叶等多味中药组成的"女贞枸杞散"对断奶仔猪腹泻的预防效果和对外周血各类白细胞数量的影响。根据体重相近、公母各半的原则选用80头体重为10kg左右的"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分4组,分别为试验Ⅰ组(日粮中加0.4%"女贞枸杞散"),Ⅱ组(添加0.6%),Ⅲ组(添加0.8%)和对照组(普通日粮)。详细记录仔猪腹泻情况,计算腹泻率、腹泻频率、腹泻指数等。试验结束后采血,测定各类白细胞数量,结果表明,"女贞枸杞散"能有效地降低断奶仔猪的腹泻率,改善仔猪的生长性能,促进血液中的白细胞尤其是淋巴细胞的的生成,提高机体免疫力。     

Quantitative dynamics on stimulating regeneration and sowing seedlings of Larix gmelinii in Daxing''''an Mountains

Introduction4LarixgmeliniiisoneofmajortimberspeciesinthenortheastDaxing'anMountainsinChina.Itplaysanimportantroleinprovidinglumber,maintainingthenaturalenvironmentinthisregionandadjustingecologicalequilibrium.Alargenumberofburnedareasandcut-overareasneedtoregenerateeveryyear.Larixgmeliniihasgreatnaturalregenerationcapabilityandenoughseedsources,andalmostmeetsabumperharvestyeareverythreeyears(Xuetal.1992;Shan1990;Xuetal.1993).Someburnedandloggedareaswouldberapidlyrestoredthroughafewofassista…