水产品副溶血性弧菌不同增菌液增菌效果的比较

[目的]对用不同方法检测水产品副溶血性弧菌的不同增菌条件进行比较,以期寻找一种快速高效的增菌条件,为提高检测效率提供聋考依据。[方法]采用FDA、ISO、GB／T4789．7-2003、GB／T4789．7-2008、SN0173等方法中的培养基配方,时副溶血性弧菌进行杂种培养,并通过生长曲线测定方法比较验证使用培6-基的增菌效果。[结果]结果表明,含3％NaCl的碱性蛋白胨具有最好的增菌茵效果。[结论]该结果对于检测水产品中副溶血性弧菌具有重要的指导意义。     

FACE对杂交籼稻汕优63干物质生产与分配的影响

2005--2006年利用我国惟一的农田开放式空气CO2浓度增高（FACE）研究平台,以三系杂交籼稻汕优63为供试材料,设计比大气CO2浓度（对照,370umol．mol^-1）高200umol．mol^-1的FACE处理（570umol．mol^-1）和施N量为125kg·hm^-2（LN）、250kg·hm^-2（NN）处理,研究其对汕优63物质生产与分配的影响。结果表明：（1）两季平均,FACE处理使汕优63移栽-分蘖中期、分蘖中期-拔节期、拔节-抽穗期和抽穗-成熟期干物质生产量分别比对照增加了39％、20％、32％和41％,结果使成熟期生物产量显著增加（＋33％）;（2）与干物质生产量相比,汕优63平均叶面积指数（LAI）和净同化率（NAR）对CO2的响应有相似的季节性变化趋势,但LAI的响应值明显大于NAR;（3）FACE处理使汕优63不同生育时期叶片和稻穗占地上部干重的比例下降,而使茎鞘占地上部干重的比例明显增加;（4）三系杂交籼稻汕优63成熟期生物产量以及不同生育阶段平均LAI、NAR和干物质生产量对FACE的响应与粳稻品种存在明显差异．而干物质分配差异较小。     

Degradability of atrazine, cyanazine, and dicamba in methanogenic enrichment culture microcosms using sediment from the Pearl River of Southern China

Degradation of three herbicides, atrazine, cyanazine and dicamba, was assessed in laboratory microcosms incubated under simulated methanogenic conditions using sediment from Pearl River of Southern China as an inoculum. Atrazine was much more resistant to degradation than cyanazine and dicamba over 300 days of incubation. Biodegradation of cyanazine and dicamba was further substantiated by establishment of enrichment transfer cultures in which the degradation of the respective herbicide was accelerated by the active microorganisms. Degradation of cyanazine initially involved the removal of chlorine and the two side chains, while that of dicamba was O-demethylation reaction forming 3,6-dichlorosalicyclic acid. Results suggest that biodegradation of xenobiotics can be established through enrichment culture transfer technique, and further mechanism of degradation and microorganisms involved can be elucidated.     

桑枝食用菌对1-脱氧野尻霉素的富集作用

[目的]探讨食用菌对桑枝中1-脱氧野尻霉素（1-deoxynojimycin,DNJ）的富集作用。[方法]利用反相高效液相色谱法,研究耳菇、香菇、金针菇、鸡腿菇、银耳、姬菇、黑木耳、灵芝、猴头菇9种食用菌对桑枝中1-脱氧野尻霉素（1-deoxyno jimycin,DNJ）的富集能力。[结果]供试食用菌种均不能自我合成DNJ,但黑木耳、灵芝和猴头菇对DNJ有富集作用,而且其菌盖的富集能力远远高于菌柄。随着培养料中桑枝屑比例的增加,灵芝和猴头菇菌盖中DNJ含量也随之增加,在50%桑枝屑时达到最大,分别为0.0704%和0.0472%,再增加桑枝屑比例,则其菌盖中DNJ含量下降,当桑枝屑比例为80%时,其菌盖中DNJ含量分别降为0.0474%和0.0327%。[结论]该研究可为开发具有降血糖功效的桑枝食用菌提供理论依据和参考。     

The effect of different HUFA enrichment emulsions on the nutritional value of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) fed to larval haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).

A feeding study was conducted in the winter 2001 to determine the effects of feeding rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) enriched with various levels of essential fatty acids on the growth and survival of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Rotifer enrichment treatments were: 1) mixed algae, 2) high DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), 3) high DHA and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), and 4) DHA, EPA, and AA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6). Larvae were fed rotifers enriched with the different treatments from days 1 to 16 post-hatch. From day 17 until 25 all treatment groups were fed rotifers reared on mixed algae and then weaned onto the International Council for Exploration of the SEA (ICES) Standard Reference Weaning diet (http://allserv.rug.ac.t/aquaculture/rend/rend.htm) over a five day period. The experiment was terminated on day 41 post-hatch. The enrichment treatments affected the fatty acid composition of the rotifers and correlated with the accumulation of these fatty acids in the haddock larvae. However, no significant differences in larval growth or survival to 40 days post hatch were detected, suggesting that all treatments provided the minimal essential fatty acid requirements for haddock.     

嗜金微生物研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,对嗜金微生物的种属、富集黄金的机理、工业应用价值及潜力进行了概述,为进一步对其开发利用提供科学资料。     

Dietary essentiality of ascorbic acid in rohu larvae: Quantification with ascorbic acid enriched zooplankton

Carp larvae, like any other fish larvae dependon natural food during first few days of theirlife. In nursery conditions, high mortality andslow larval growth are of common occurrence;sub-optimal nutrition might be a possiblereason for such consequences. To improve thesituation the effect of feeding ascorbicacid-enriched live food on survival, growth,tissue biochemical composition includingascorbate level was evaluated in first feeding(3 days old) larvae (av. wt. 2.2 mg) of therohu carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.) for aperiod of 15 days (temp. 28.6 ± 1 °C)under natural photoperiod. The larvae (stockingdensity 10 l^–1) were offered enriched andnon-enriched zooplankton ad libitumfollowing a rigid schedule with four feedingregimes, each having 3 replicates. In treatmentT₁, non-enriched zooplankton (Moina,Daphnia, Cyclops, Diaptomus) and in T₂,T₃, T₄ ascorbic acid enriched (12 henrichment) zooplankton [@10%, 20% and 30%ascorbyl palmitate (AP) inclusion in diet ofzooplankton] were offered. Highest survival(90%) and growth (9563% live weight gain)could be seen in T₃ group and the lowestin T₁ (62% survival and 805% live weightgain), thus confirming the dietary essentialityof ascorbic acid for rohu larvae. Therequirement has been shown to be 1409 µg/gdry diet. Whole body tissue analyses for crudeprotein, total lipid and RNA: DNA ratiofollowed the same trend as that of growthresponse and percent survival. Significantpositive correlation (r = 0.949 and 0.861) couldbe found with muscle RNA/DNA ratio and muscleRNA content with specific growth rate indifferent treatments. Significant differencewas found in tissue ascorbate levels betweenenriched plankton fed groups, being highest in T₃. Such live foodmediated vitamin transfer might be an effectivemeans to provide higher plane of nutrition forhigh survival and rapid growth for rohu larva.     

耐铜菌株TLSB2-K的鉴定及其铜富集能力测定

[目的]研究菌株TLSB2-K的铜耐性以及其铜富集能力的特性.[方法]通过形态观察、革兰氏染色和16S rDNA序列比对,对前期分离的菌株TLSB2-K进行了鉴定,并采用振荡培养法,探讨了温度、pH值和渗透压对菌株生长的影响,以及铜胁迫下菌株对铜的耐性及富集能力.[结果]TLSB2-K属于蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),最适生长条件为:温度为27℃、pH值为7、渗透压为1.1％ NaC1.铜浓度100～500 mg/L范围内,菌体生长良好,铜浓度在100～400 mg/L范围内,菌体铜含量随着铜浓度的升高而增加,当铜浓度400 mg/L胁迫培养30 h,菌体铜含量达到最大值2 250mg/kg;菌株的最高铜耐受浓度为700 mg/L.[结论]菌株TLSB2-K具有较强的铜耐性和较高的铜富集能力,具有重要的理论研究和工程应用价值.     

汞在春小麦植株中的富集及转移规律研究

为了明确汞（Hg）在小麦植株中的吸收和转运规律,采用盆栽试验,研究了Hg胁迫下重金属Hg在春小麦中的分布、富集及转移规律。结果表明,Hg迁移速率较慢,Hg胁迫下,根对Hg的富集吸收于春小麦生育期结束还未达到峰值。春小麦吸收的Hg大部分积累在根中,仅极少部分转移至叶和茎,未发现转移至籽粒。小麦根对Hg的富集能力较强,根中Hg积累量与土壤中Hg含量呈显著正相关（R2=0.9499,P〈0.05）;籽粒中Hg含量与土壤中Hg含量无明显相关性。     

二色胡枝子总黄酮提取及富集工艺研究

[目的]研究二色胡枝子黄酮的最佳提取工艺与富集参数。[方法]选取分布于内蒙古自治区的二色胡枝子为试验材料,通过单因素试验研究乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间和提取温度对其总黄酮提取的影响,通过L16（4^4）正交试验确定该黄酮的最佳提取工艺。采用SP700大孔吸附树脂对其进行纯化与富集,通过L9（3^3）正交试验确定该黄酮的最佳富集参数。[结果]二色胡枝子叶中黄酮含量高于茎中黄酮的含量。影响黄酮提取率的因素大小依次为乙醇浓度〉料液比〉温度〉时间。该黄酮的最佳提取工艺为40％乙醇、温度70℃、料液比1：30、时间3．0h。提取率为5．228％。该黄酮的最佳富集参数为进样速度1．5ml／min、80％乙醇洗脱、洗脱速度2．0ml／min。[结论]该研究为进一步开发二色胡枝子资源提供参考依据。