水电建设项目移民对生态环境的影响分析

水电建设项目通常会引起淹没与移民,其搬迁将对安置区的生态环境产生影响。实例分析了某水电建设项目移民安置区的移民容量,评价了移民搬迁对安置区生态环境的影响,以及安置区条件对移民生活质量的影响等问题,依此提出了项目建设过程中减缓生态环境破坏的相应措施,并对安置区工程建设提出了必要的监理制度。分析结果可为类似建设项目的环境影响评价提供借鉴,为更好地落实各项生态环保措施及＂三同时＂制度提供依据。     

西部水电开发中移民补偿政策初探

在对典型水电移民的生产、生活、发展等方面进行调查分析中发现,在现行补偿政策下,移民群体中普遍存在发展无动力,创业无资金,务工无技术,生活无保障的"四无现象",严重阻碍了移民在新环境下扎根、发展、致富的进程.鉴于此,在分析现行补偿政策的基础上,结合移民对补偿政策的期望,提出解决"四无"问题的思路.     

Boundary effects on dispersal between habitat patches by forest birds (Parus major,P. caeruleus)

The behaviour of individuals in response to patch boundaries is acrucial element in many dispersal models. Diffusion-based models of dispersalpredict that both the likelihood and direction of dispersal from a habitatpatchare influenced by the starting position of a disperser in relation to the patchboundary. An alternative view is that the decision to disperse between patchesis uncoupled from movements within the patch of departure. The latter situationis most likely in the case of relatively mobile animals living in small patcheswith strongly reflecting boundaries. I tested the relationship betweenproximityto a boundary and natal dispersal in Great and Blue Tits born in relativelysmall (7-11 ha) forest patches with high population density innorthern Belgium. Birdsthat were born closer to the forest edge were not more likely to be recruitedoutside than inside the natal patch. However, Great Tits showed a significanttendency to emigrate in the direction of the nearest patch border. No sucheffect was found in Blue Tits. A possible explanation is that in Great Tits thedirection of dispersal, but not the decision to emigrate, is influenced by aprocess of familiarization with the area around the natal territory, includingareas across the patch border.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

“大跃进”期间农田水利建设中移民和伤亡抚恤问题——以昆明为中心考察

修建水库是蓄水工程的主体,在"大跃进"期间掀起的全国农田水利建设高潮中,水库工程的兴建是其主要组成部分。这期间的水库建设在取得巨大成绩的同时也遗留了很多的问题,在这些问题中移民和伤亡最为突出,但目前对这方面的研究学界还没有全面展开,成果很少。本文主要以云南省昆明市为个案,全面考察地方政府对水库建设"大跃进"中的移民和伤亡问题的处理。     

固原市原州区移民迁出区生态修复探讨

通过对固原市原州区移民迁出区生态恢复现状进行分析,总结生态恢复的经验,查找出存在的问题,提出了原州区移民迁出区生态修复的对策。     

The effects of clearcuts and forest buffer size on post-breeding emigration of adult wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus)

The establishment of terrestrial buffer zones around vernal pools has been recommended to provide upland habitat for pool-breeding amphibians in areas where forestry practices occur adjacent to breeding sites. However, few studies have empirically tested the effectiveness of buffers. We assessed post-breeding emigration behavior (net emigration distance, rate of movement, proportionate use of available habitats) of radio-tagged adult wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) at nine vernal pools with experimental forest buffer treatments in central Maine, USA. Buffer treatments were either 30-m (N = 3) or 100-m (N = 3) forest buffers surrounded by a 100-m wide clearcut; pools surrounded by uncut forest served as reference sites (N = 3). We tracked 33 individuals in 2004 and 2005, for an average of 41 days, as they emigrated from breeding pools. Recently clearcut habitat was permeable to emigrating adult wood frogs, particularly females. A higher proportion of frogs at 30-m buffer sites than at 100-m buffer sites traveled through the clearcuts to reach intact forest beyond, suggesting that 30-m buffers may not provide sufficient upland habitat to support adult wood frog populations. There was high variability in emigration behavior among frogs, regardless of buffer treatment, and males and females tended to exhibit differential responses to different buffer sizes and to clearcut habitat. Although wood frogs in this study utilized both 30-m and 100-m forest buffers, variability between sexes and density-dependent effects could render small buffers (e.g., 30 m or less) inadequate to support these populations.     

Edge avoidance and movement of the butterfly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Parnassius smintheus</Emphasis> in matrix and non-matrix habitat

We experimentally examined edge effects and movement patterns of the butterfly Parnassius smintheus in two habitat types, its preferred meadow habitat, and intervening forest matrix habitat. We followed the movement of 46 butterflies released at either 5 or 20m from a forest edge in either forest or meadow habitat. In contrast to theoretical predictions, we found that butterflies flew less frequently, shorter distances, and at lower rates in matrix habitat than they did in meadow habitat. Distance from the edge had little effect on these aspects of movement. Flight was strongly influenced by light levels with butterflies flying more readily at higher light levels. Light levels were higher in meadows than in forest explaining much of the difference in movement patterns. Turning angles showed that butterflies flying in meadow habitat avoided forest edges and that this effect extended nearly 25 m into meadows. Analysis of net displacement from the forest edge reinforced this result and showed that there may be attraction to the meadow for butterflies flying within forest.     

明清时期陕南地区移民及农业开发成因的研究

明清时期,平原地区宜农土地的垦殖基本饱和,人口继续膨胀,人均耕地日益减少,严峻的生存危机迫使人们大量涌入资源丰富、荒而未辟的广大山区,从而掀起山区开发的高潮,山区经济成为社会发展中最活跃的因素。从明清时期陕南地区的人口迁移及其成因的分析,探讨该地区农业人口增长的基本规律及农业开发的基本轮廓。     

宁夏海原县生态移民迁出区生态恢复与重建探讨

分析了宁夏海原县生态移民迁出区的环境现状及存在问题,提出生态移民迁出区生态恢复、治理及发展的对策措施。