哺乳动物附植前胚胎的基因表达调控

哺乳动物胚胎附植前期包括:合子的形成,胚胎基因组的激活和细胞分化的开始。在这个时期,发育由母源物质控制转为合子基因控制,在此过程,同时形成染色质介导的转录抑制时期,要解除抑制必须经过胚胎基因组的激活。通过对体内、外附植前胚胎的mRNA的表达特点以及它们与成功发育联系的研究,可以筛选出最佳的体外培养条件,设计最佳的核移植方案。     

农田沙漠化演变中土壤质量的生物学特性变化

通过研究处于沙漠化过程中的科尔沁沙地旱作农田土壤酶活性与基础土壤呼吸活性，分析了土壤质量生物学特性的沙漠化演变。结果表明，土壤酶活性与基础土壤呼吸对沙漠过程中环境的变化反应敏感，随着沙漠化程度增加，与土壤物理化学肥力因素有关的过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性和土壤呼吸活性随之下降。土壤酶活性和呼吸活性与土壤有机质和养分有极显著的相关，在一定程度上可以用酶活性和呼吸强度表征有机质和养分的状况及其数量的变异，因此，可以作为农田沙漠化演变中土壤质量特征变化的重要辅助指标。     

水稻OsZ314基因克隆及转录激活验证

穗是水稻(Oryza sativa L.)重要的生殖器官,其生长发育直接影响水稻的产量和品质。前期研究中,我们对水稻生殖生长时期穗发育各阶段的转录组、蛋白组数据进行联合分析,筛选到一个MYB基因家族的转录因子OsZ314基因。生物学信息分析表明,该基因位于1号染色体上,拥有典型的R2R3-MYB型转录因子结构域,且在水稻幼穗时期表达量最高;亚细胞定位结果显示,OsZ314基因定位于细胞核中;转录激活试验表明,OsZ314基因具有转录激活功能。本研究为深入探索OsZ314基因在水稻穗发育时期的分子生物学功能奠定了良好的基础。     

Experiment on Activation of Black Soil by Electro-hydraulic Impulse

The activation of black soil (analog the lignite) by electro-hydraulic impulse is proposed. The abundant insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other organic elements in black soil are activated as the green fertilizer by this way. The new method is provided for activating sludge produced by treating wastewater. For several kinds of black soil, the experiment result indicates that electro-hydraulic impulse increases the percentage of absorbable nitrogen by 1 to 4 times and the percentage of insoluble organic elements by 4 times, which is a valuable reference to sludge treatment.     

不同品系小麦和小黑麦种子中金属元素含量的比较研究

应用中子活化分析技术，分析了２５个品系小麦和小黑麦种子中的金属元素的含量。检测出１９种元素，其中必需的营养元素９种，重点比较了微量营养元素的含量。结果表明，不同品种上种子中元素一有较大的差异，表明在营养元素的吸收利用上存在着不同的基因型，本实验为有效利用土壤营养元素物小麦育种提供了选择基因型和进行筛选的依据。     

免疫激活与抗菌药物调节研究进展

免疫激活主要通过多种细胞因子影响动物食欲和促进机体蛋白质及糖类分解,降低动物的生长性能。抗菌药物可调节免疫细胞活性,影响机体免疫激活状态。现有的研究提示,在应用抗菌药时除应注意考虑其在体内的药效外,还应考虑其免疫调节作用,以维护动物健康,促进动物生长。     

咸水冻融灌溉对重度盐渍土壤水盐分布的影响

室内咸水冰融化试验设置2个处理:7.5 g L-1咸水冰(SIW(7.5))、15 g L-1咸水冰(SIW(15)),探究了咸水冰融化过程中的水量、水质以及离子组成的变化;土柱模拟试验设置同一灌水量(150mm),4个处理:淡水直接灌溉(FW)、7.5 g L-1咸水直接灌溉(SW)、7.5 g L-1咸水冻融灌溉(SIW(7.5))、15 g L-1咸水冻融灌溉(SIW(15)),对比分析两种灌溉水质(淡水、咸水)和两种灌水方式(直接灌溉、结冰灌溉)对土壤(粉砂壤土)水盐动态的影响。结果表明:咸水冰融化过程中,初期融出水量较大,但含盐量和钠吸附比(SAR)较高,后期融出水量较小,含盐量和SAR很低;融出水的离子含量变化与电导率(EC)变化表现相同的趋势;小于3 g L-1的水的融出率分别是SIW(7.5)=25.46%和SIW(15)=32.78%。FW处理下,土壤中水盐运动持续时间较其他3个处理长,土壤导水率降低最快,灌溉水入渗完成时表层土壤含水量达到33.88%,显著高于其他处理。四种处理下,0~15 cm土层土壤的含盐量平均值分别为FW=2.32 g kg-1、SIW(7.5)=2.80 g kg-1、SIW(15)=3.87 g kg-1、SW=4.31 g kg-1。同等灌水量下,SIW(15)处理下土壤脱盐深度最浅。离子分析表明:FW和SIW(7.5)处理下,0~25 cm土壤的钠吸附比(SAR)下降明显,显著小于SW、SIW(15);然而FW处理下,土壤碱化特征最为明显。综合而言,在淡水资源缺乏而咸水资源相对丰富的地区,中度矿化度咸水结冰融水灌溉可以有效降低根层土壤盐分,满足农业生产的要求。     

杏子的气体射流冲击干燥特性

为了提高杏子干制的品质、缩短干制时间,该文将气体射流冲击干燥技术应用于杏子干燥,研究了杏子在不同干燥温度（50、55、60和65℃）和风速（3、6、9和12 m/s）下的干燥曲线、水分有效扩散系数以及干燥活化能。试验结果表明：干燥温度和风速对杏子的干燥速率均有显著影响,但干燥温度对其的影响比风速更为突出;杏子的整个干燥过程属于降速干燥,通过费克第二定律求出了干燥过程中杏子的有效水分扩散系数,其值在8.346～13.846×10-10 m2/s的范围内随着干燥温度和风速的升高而增大;通过阿伦尼乌斯公式计算出了杏子干燥活化能为30.62 kJ/mol,表明利用气体射流冲击干燥技术从杏子中除去1 kg水需要消耗大约1 701 kJ的能量。该研究为气体射流冲击干燥技术应用于杏子的干燥提供了技术依据。     

Acidulated activation of phosphate rock enhances release,lateral transport and uptake of phosphorus and trace metals upon direct-soil application

Phosphate rock (PR) was activated via acidulation with HCl, EDTA, and oxalic acid to enhance its reactivity. The release, lateral transport, and uptake of phosphorus (P) along with trace metals from pristine and activated PRs were investigated in a soil micro-block system over a period of 27 days, using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher amounts of available soil P, Fe, Mn, and Zn were released from all the PRs after application to soil within first 9 days of seedling transplantation, while the release of other trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb) was minimal (<1.2 mg kg^?1). On cumulative basis, APR-O (oxalic acid activated PR) was the most efficient amendment releasing 164% more available P, followed by APR-E (EDTA activated PR) releasing 130% more available P, compared to the pristine PR. Similar results were also observed in the release of available Fe, Mn, Zn, and other trace metals. The highest diffusive mass fluxes for available P, Mn, Fe, and Zn in soil were observed after 3 days of seedling transplantation, which reduced subsequently. The uptake of P, Fe, Mn, and Zn by wheat plants was increased by 394%, 715%, 92%, and 91%, respectively, in APR-O application compared to the pristine PR, while it was increased by 280%, 188%, 16%, and 27%, respectively, in APR-E application compared to the pristine PR. Subsequently, APR-O and APR-E amendments resulted in enhanced shoot lengths, root lengths, shoot dry matter, and root dry matter contents of wheat plants. Hence, it was concluded that activation of PR with oxalic acid and EDTA prior to direct soil application may enhance the reactivity of PR and could serve as a cost-effect fertilization strategy for higher wheat crop production.