新时代国有林场改革的若干问题探讨

国有林场是我国生态文明建设的主力军。随着我国城市化建设步伐的不断加速,生态环境问题业日益突出,如何在保护生态环境的同时,加快经济建设的发展,成为当今林业领域的热点研究问题。本文从国有林场改革的意义、公益性国有林场的特点、国有林场改革的思路及建议、国有林场发展的方向及途径、国有林场可持续发展的措施等方面进行了探讨,以期为国有林场的发展提供借鉴。     

干巴菌（Thelephoraganbajun Zang）的研究Ⅰ．干巴菌与其生境因子的关系

本文研究了干巴菌的分布及其在分布区内的植被类型，查清了干巴菌主要分布于针叶树林中，尤以云南松林内分布最多，但也分布于纯的栗树林中。通过对于巴菌生境中土壤微生物的分析，结果与宏观调查一致：其生长土壤较为贫瘠，是一种菌根菌。     

GIS在生态土地分类中的作用

This paper depicted the physiographic landscape features and natural vegetation situation of study area (the eastern Jilin Province), and expatiates the definition, basic characters and its development of Ecological Land Classification (ELC). Based on the combination of relief map, satellite photography for study area and vegetation inventory data of 480 sample sites, a 5-class and a 15-class ecological land type map was concluded according to 4 important factors including slope, aspect, vegetation and elevation. Ecological Classification System (ECS) is a method to identify, characterize, and map ecosystems. The Ecological Land Type (ELT) was examined and applied initially in eastern Jilin Province. Foundation item: This paper was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences “100 people” project and the Open Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem. Biography: XIAO Bao-ying (1974-), female, postgraduate in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

小兴安岭蕨类植物生态特性的研究

采用样线与样方相结合的调查方法，根据点相关系数及Ｘ＾２值连续性较正公式，测定了小兴安岭凉水自然保护区具有环境梯度的７个森林类型内主要蕨类植物的种间联结。结果表明：各林型均有其适生的蕨类类群，与该类群呈正联结的蕨类种其数量分布也多，反之刚少；具有环境梯度的不同林型序列，反映出蕨类植物适生生境的不同，据此，将本区主要蕨类植物分为４种生态类型。     

酿酒葡萄成熟特性的研究

葡萄浆果成熟过程中,存在着多方面的变化。只有含糖量、含酸量的变化最有规律,最能代表葡萄品种的成熟特性。含糖量的变化与logistic曲线、含酸量的变化与对数曲线拟合性最好。不同品种成熟特性的差异,主要表现为含糖量上升速率与含酸量下降速率的不同。气象因素能明显影响葡萄的成熟特性,最终造成同一品种在不同地区成熟度的差异。     

Characterizing historical and modern fire regimes in Michigan (USA): A landscape ecosystem approach

We studied the relationships of landscape ecosystems to historical and contemporary fire regimes across 4.3 million hectares in northern lower Michigan (USA). Changes in fire regimes were documented by comparing historical fire rotations in different landscape ecosystems to those occurring between 1985 and 2000. Previously published data and a synthesis of the literature were used to identify six forest-replacement fire regime categories with fire rotations ranging from very short (<100 years) to very long (>1,000 years). We derived spatially-explicit estimates of the susceptibility of landscape ecosystems to fire disturbance using Landtype Association maps as initial units of investigation. Each Landtype Association polygon was assigned to a fire regime category based on associations of ecological factors known to influence fire regimes. Spatial statistics were used to interpolate fire points recorded by the General Land Office. Historical fire rotations were determined by calculating the area burned for each category of fire regime and dividing this area by fifteen (years) to estimate area burned per annum. Modern fire rotations were estimated using data on fire location and size obtained from federal and state agencies. Landtype Associations networked into fire regime categories exhibited differences in both historical and modern fire rotations. Historical rotations varied by 23-fold across all fire rotation categories, and modern forest fire rotations by 13-fold. Modern fire rotations were an order of magnitude longer than historical rotations. The magnitude of these changes has important implications for forest health and understanding of ecological processes in most of the fire rotation categories that we identified.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

林业生态工程效益补偿问题研究初探

生态效益补偿对于促进林业生态工程建设、保护森林生产者和经营者的切身利益具有重要的作用.本文在分析国内外生态效益补偿现状的基础上,通过对建立森林生态效益补偿机制的必要性、原则、途径以及补偿标准等问题进行深入探讨,为进一步完善我国森林生态效益补偿机制提供科学依据.森林生态效益补偿资金的建立,不仅为森林资源管护提供稳定的资金来源,更是对森林生态效益价值的认可,从根本上解决了林业生态工程建设的动力和机制问题,将对中国林业和生态建设产生广泛而深远的影响.     

森林经营与可持续发展战略的探讨

森林对改善生态环境、维护生态平衡、保护人类生存和发展起着决定性作用。国有重点林区担负着生态、社会、经济多种功能。由于国有林区长期依赖林木采伐的思想,使人们的经营理念受到限制,制定林区长期发展规划和发展战略将成为我省森工林区加强生态建设和森林资源林政管理系统建设中长期发展目标的指导性文件。     

生态学视野下的新农村建设

分析了新农村建设中存在问题的生态学成因;提出以生态学原理为指导,科学规划新农村建设、加强现代生态农业建设和生态文明建设,全方位推进新农村又好又快发展的新思路。     

云和县生态公益林的发展现状与管理对策

对云和县生态公益林的资源和发展现状进行了调查分析,提出了今后云和县生态公益林的发展对策,以实现生态公益林的持续、稳定和健康发展。