Environmental Change and the Sustainability of European Forests

Summary

It is some years now since forest decline was a major public concern in Europe and was one of the principal environmental issues around which international research programs were focused. A number of internationally coordinated activities were initiated in the 1980s and 1990s and have continued until now; these contributed significantly to our current understanding of forestry and to the way in which forestry policies have developed. In short, the concept of sustainable development has had an increasing influence and is now of immeasurable value in forest policy, with sustainable forest management well established as its guiding principle. This sequence of events is examined here. The extent to which understanding has advanced is remarkable; much has changed. Arguably this period gave the first indication of the extent to which forests and ecosystems globally are threatened by environmental change. On the basis of the last 20 years, it is tempting to conclude that we now have an effective institutional framework and have made excellent progress. However, some of the recorded ecosystem responses seem anomalous; there are surprises in system responses, e.g., the linkage between sulphur and nitrogen depositions and forest growth. Even more importantly some specific pollutant problems remain and will intensify, and climate change has become an environmental issue of overwhelming importance.     

Salvinia plants in trade: what species are we actually talking about?

Incorrect labelling of plants in trade and misidentification are widespread. Likewise, in trade numerous names are being used for the ornamental aquatic plant known as ‘Kariba weed’, but rarely the correct scientific name Salvinia molesta Mitch. For inspection services of EPPO member countries, correct identification of S. molesta has become important since the species was added to the EPPO A2 List and the List of Union concern in accordance with EU regulation 1143/2014 based on an EPPO Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for the species. Inspections and a targetted survey of Salvinia plants in trade in the Netherlands were performed and additional material was obtained from wild sources in South Africa, Hungary and the United States. Specimen identification was verified by comparison with the herbarium collection at Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden and with the sequences available in NCBI GenBank database. This paper provides the tools to correctly identity the relevant Salvinia species.     

欧盟食品动物注射部位兽药残留指南概述

2022年3月25日,欧盟药品管理局(EMA)兽医药品委员会(CVMP)发布了食品动物注射部位兽药残留指南,并于2022年8月1日正式生效。该指南代替旧版的注射部位兽药残留指南(EMA/CVMP/542/03-FINAL)。本文就新发布指南的背景、适用范围、法律依据、评价方法、残留研究及相关定义等内容进行介绍。     

美洲型与欧洲型PRRSV特异N蛋白抗原表位基因表达及其产物的纯化

对原核中以包涵体形式高效表达的美洲型与欧洲型PRRSV特异N蛋白抗原表位区段进行了变性、复性与纯化研究。将美洲型PRRSV重组质粒pGEX-6P-1-N转化入E.coliBL21(DE3)细胞中,成功表达了重组蛋白GST-N,超声裂解复性后目的蛋白经GSTrap FF纯化试剂盒纯化后,纯度可达90%以上。将欧洲型PRRSV重组质粒PQE30-N转化入E.coliM15细胞中表达了重组蛋白His-N。超声裂解后目的蛋白经HisTrapHP蛋白纯化试剂盒纯化后,纯度可达95%以上。Western blot结果表明,两种蛋白分别被美洲型和欧洲型PRRSV阳性血清识别。纯化出的大量美洲型与欧洲型PRRSV特异N蛋白抗原表位区段,为PRRSV的鉴别诊断提供了抗原基础。     

欧债危机对中欧农产品贸易的影响分析

本文分析了欧债危机对中欧农产品贸易的可能影响途径和机制,并利用双边农产品贸易数据对欧债危机的影响进行了初步判断。结果表明,虽然年度长期趋势所反映的欧债危机影响不明显,但是月度短期趋势反映欧债危机已经致使中欧农产品贸易出现明显的增长放缓趋势,且影响在危机核心国和非核心国之间的差异不明显,具有整体性的特征。因此,不能因为年度农产品贸易额还在快速增长而盲目乐观,而必须加强监测和采取积极的应对措施。     

欧盟27国小水电的发展对我国的战略思考

详细介绍和分析了欧盟27国发展小水电的现状和战略规划、欧盟可再生能源和分布式能源的结构比例,以及欧洲小水电协会系统推进小水电发展所起的作用.根据国家水利部颁发的《＂十二五＂全国水电新农村电气化规划》,介绍和分析了我国小水电的发展现状和战略规划;对我国发展小型和微型水电中存在的突出问题进行了详细的分析,例如：小水电的权责不清晰;小水电站数量多和管理难;小水电开发产业的延续性差和未来趋势不清晰;小水电设备的制造企业面临的问题,例如技术水平低、技术储备不足、科研投入少和科研能力差、管理程度浅等;小水电站年利用小时数偏低和径流式电站的问题.提出了5点建议：明晰小水电的权责关系,规范小水电的开发和经营;建立小流域发展综合管理委员会,采取＂电站群＂的管理方式;把握我国和国际市场的小水电发展趋势,把小水电产业做大做强并保持可持续发展;提出了从＂一个科研中心、两个方向＂出发,提升小水电设备制造企业技术水平低的思路;提高小水电站年满发小时数即设备的利用率,增加小水电的发电效益.     

欧盟、美国农产品可追溯系统对吉林省的启示

目前,欧盟和美国的农产品可追溯系统走在世界前列,在识别、预警、限制、召回、管理等方面均有许多值得借鉴之处.分析欧盟和美国实施农产品可追溯系统的成功经验和做法,对指导吉林省建设农产品可追溯系统具有重要意义.     

欧盟共同农业政策:绿色生态转型、改革趋向与发展启示

农业是引发温室气体增多、生物多样性下降以及水体污染等生态安全事件的主要产业之一。在种种生态安全事件的挑战下,农业应该朝着绿色生态的方向进行转型已经成为多数国家的共识。欧盟的共同农业政策是世界上较早提倡农业绿色发展的农业政策之一。从1992年开始的麦克萨里改革到已经达成的《2023—2027年共同农业政策》临时协议,欧盟共同农业政策绿色生态转型体现出政策支持更加明确、以农民利益保护为重点、自愿性与强制性措施相结合、以数字技术为支撑以及多政策配套实施等改革趋向。在强调绿色发展与转型的新时代,欧盟共同农业政策的改革历程及发展趋向可以为中国农业政策改革提供一定的经验及启示,通过优化顶层设计、健全补贴机制、坚持弹性原则、提高科技能力、增加政策协同等措施来推进农业的绿色生态转型。     

欧盟的粮食安全政策及对我国的启示

分析探讨了欧盟国家对粮食安全的认识,介绍和分析了欧盟国家在粮食安全问题上的政策和措施,通过与我国农业发展现状的比较,揭示了欧盟食物安全政策对我国粮食安全和现代化农业建设所具有的重要启示作用,提出了加强粮食安全和农业发展的建议和措施.建立符合中国国情的粮食预警体系;实施农业保护政策,提高农业综合生产能力;深化粮食流通体制改革,建立安全可靠的粮食储备系统;建立食物安全生产的诱导机制;生态建设要与粮食生产能力建设和储备相结合.