Comparison of Crinipellis perniciosa isolates from Brazil by ERIC repetitive element sequence-based PCR genomic fingerprinting

Fifty isolates of Crinipellis perniciosa originating from Theobroma cacao , Heteropterys acutifolia and Solanum lycocarpum , from six states within Brazil, were characterized through ERIC-PCR, representing the first application of this method for molecular characterization within C. perniciosa . Phenetic analysis of banding patterns revealed a separation of isolates on the basis of host of origin, with T. cacao -derived isolates showing only a 0·2 similarity level to a cluster comprising the isolates from H. acutifolia and S. lycocarpum . Considerable intraspecific variability was observed within C. perniciosa isolates from T. cacao , with distinct groups observed correlating with geographical origin. Given that a number of isolates from T. cacao from the Amazon region grouped with isolates from Bahia state, this work discusses the possibility that current C. perniciosa populations pathogenic on T. cacao in Bahia originated from the Amazon region, rather than from alternative host plants.     

Effect of Daidzein on Ileum Microflora Biodiversity in Hy-Line Variety Brown Layers

Daidzein is always added into poultry feed to make the production performance and immunity of poultry better. In this study, a total of 600 40-week-old Hy-Line variety brown layers were randomized into five groups and fed with a corn-soybean-mixed basal diet supplement with 0, 10, 50, 100, and 500 mg · kg^-1 daidzein, respectively. Then, two PCR-based typing methods（RAPD-PCR and ERIC-PCR） were combined to analyze the ileum content and explore the changes of ileum microflora biodiversity. The results of RAPD-PCR and ERIC-PCR showed that bands under 10 mg · kg^-1 and 50 mg · kg^-1 were the most, and their similarity was the largest. Bands under 500 mg · kg^-1 were the least and similarity with other groups was the minimum. Ileum microflora biodiversity under 10 mg · kg^-1 or 50 mg · kg^-1 was richer than that under 500 mg · kg^-1. A corn-soybean-mixed basal diet supplement with 10 mg · kg^-1 to 50 mg · kg^-1 of daidzein might be beneficial to Hy-Line variety brown layers intestinal bacteria.     

ERIC-PCR技术在平菇菌株鉴定中的应用

研究了ER IC-PCR技术在平菇栽培菌株鉴定中的应用.结果表明,在22个供试平菇菌株和对照香菇菌株中,ER IC-PCR扩增出的条带清晰,重复性好,多态性高.聚类分析表明,在聚类重新标定距离为15的水平上,23个菌株聚类成8大类群:糙皮侧耳栽培菌株分别归属第1和第2大类群;秀珍菇5号、4011、白灵菇2号、杏鲍菇、鲍鱼菇和香菇分别独立地聚类为不同的大类群.在聚类重新标定距离为20时,鲍鱼菇和香菇聚类在一起,其他平菇菌株聚类在一起.这表明ER IC-PCR技术可以应用于平菇栽培菌株的鉴定,但也说明该技术在食用菌分类鉴定应用上的局限性,同时也说明食用菌需要多相分类鉴定.     

腹泻仔猪肠道菌群的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析

【目的】分析腹泻仔猪周围环境菌群变化规律,为仔猪腹泻的诊断和治疗提供支持。【方法】采集健康对照和腹泻仔猪粪便、口腔以及产床和母猪乳头等样品,采用ERIC-PCR技术分析其菌群结构特征,并对粪便样品中的细菌进行分离和鉴定。【结果】对照组4类样品细菌ERIC-PCR指纹图谱十分相似,腹泻组各类样品之间电泳条带差异较大,出现了异常亮度的电泳条带,与对照组优势条带位置不同,其中口腔和母猪乳头部位电泳条带数显著低于对照组(P0.05),菌群多样性指数降低,优势度指数升高。从粪便样品中分离出2株可疑菌株b1和b2,细菌染色和生化试验初步证明分离株b1和b2分别符合大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的特征;利用ERIC-PCR技术分析分离株b1和b2的指纹图谱,发现分离优势细菌的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱包含于粪便样品的ERIC-PCR图谱中,证明样品的ERIC-PCR指纹图谱能够反映出优势菌群的特征;测序结果显示,分离株b1与大肠杆菌基因组同源性为99%,分离株b2与奇异变形杆菌基因组同源性为98%。【结论】腹泻仔猪周围环境菌群发生明显变化,ERIC-PCR技术可以快速、准确地监测和诊断菌群结构的变化,有助于细菌性仔猪腹泻的诊断和治疗。     

鸡舍内外环境中气载大肠杆菌同源性的分子鉴定

采用ANDERSEN-6级空气微生物样品收集器和RCS离心式采样器在5个鸡场舍内空气、舍外上风向和下风向不同距离收集气载大肠杆菌;并收集鸡的粪便,分离大肠杆菌。利用大肠杆菌基因间重复一致序列为引物的聚合酶链式反应（ERIC-PCR）分型技术,扩增不同测量点收集的大肠杆菌的DNA图谱。通过每个采样点的大肠杆菌的浓度变化以及大肠杆菌遗传相似性分析确认动物舍微生物气溶胶向舍外环境的传播。结果显示：5个鸡舍内空气中大肠杆菌的浓度远远高于舍外上风和下风向的大肠杆菌浓度（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,但是舍外不同距离间的大肠杆菌浓度差异并不显著（P〉0.05）。同样,ERIC-PCR结果表明,从鸡的粪便中分离的大肠杆菌与从舍内空气中分离的部分大肠杆菌（34.1%）,以及从鸡场舍外下风方向分离到的多数大肠杆菌（54.5%）与从舍内空气或粪便中分离的大肠杆菌相似性可达100%。而从鸡舍上风向分离到的大肠杆菌与从舍内空气或粪便中分离的大肠杆菌相似性为73%-92%。从而说明来自动物体的大肠杆菌既能污染舍内空气,又能对其周围的环境构成污染。本研究揭示了微生物气溶胶的传播规律,具有公共卫生及流行病学意义。     

Molecular Typing of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Common Carp in Northeast China

A total of 59 isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were collected from common carp suffering from freshwater fish hemorrhage disease in 13 fishing grounds in the northeast China, and their phenotypic and genetic characteristics were investigated. All of the isolates were identified as A. hydrophila by traditional biochemical method and yielded a 686-bp DNA fragment of the 16S rDNA gene in the PCR experiments. Collected strains were also evaluated for their susceptibility to 17 different antibiotics. The isolates showed an even trend of the resistance and sensitivity to drugs, highly sensitive to antibiotics, such as Levofloxacin, PolymyxinB, Ofloxacin and resistant to antibiotics, such as Bristopen, Lincomycin, Ampicillin, Teicoplanin. Evaluation of genetic diversity was performed on all isolates by molecular typing with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) method. The results showed that three different types, i.e. type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and type Ⅲ, were found in 59 isolates and type III accounted for a large proportion of 54.84%. There was no dominant difference between the tendency of the isolates of Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province in these three types, which showed Ⅲ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ, while the isolates of Liaoning Province showed Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ. The percentage of different types in different provinces varied in each other; however, they didn’t show any obvious regional or cluster-specific branches. In conclusion, the ability to distinguish Aeromonas hydrophila strains from diseased common carp with ERIC-PCR would be useful for epidemiological investigation and population genetic analysis of this pathogen in China.     

规模牛场产气荚膜梭菌耐药性及其ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分型

[目的 ]了解不同规模牛场分离的产气荚膜梭菌耐药性及其耐药基因分型,为临床治疗和感染控制提供依据。[方法 ]收集2014—2016年来自不同规模牛场分离的产气荚膜梭菌25株,采用K-B法检测其对9种常用抗生素的敏感性;应用基因间重复序列聚合酶链反应(ERIC-PCR),对菌株进行DNA分型及同源性分析。[结果]分离到25株产气荚膜梭菌;在耐药检测的9种药物中,耐药率超过50%的有4种,其中对庆大霉素耐药率最高(92%),其次是对青霉素(84%),而对氨苄青霉素耐药率最低(4%),对其余药物的耐药率在12%~52%之间;ERIC-PCR谱型表现为9个基因型(Ⅰ~Ⅸ),其中大部分来源于不同的克隆株,且有2个克隆株的相似度为100%。[结论 ]奶牛场的产气荚膜梭菌多重耐药现象比较严重,分子多样性复杂;产气荚膜梭菌来源广泛,不同地区、环境和条件下,同一种病原菌的基因型存在一定差异,可能存在多个基因型。     

Differentiation Between Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus by 16S rDNA-PCR and ERIC-PCR

16S rDNA and ERIC （Enterobacteia Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Sequences） based on PCR method were tested for the effectiveness of the differentiation of B. thuringiensis and B. cereus. 16S rDNA-PCR primers were designed based on the sequence difference in variable regions of B. cereus 16S rDNA and B. thuringiensis 16S rDNA, 16S rDNA-PCR showed no obvious difference between B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. The only difference was that one 1600-bp amplificon could be obtained from all the three B. Cereus strains, and none amplificon from any B. thuringiensis strains. ERIC was optimized based on previous reports. The genonlic DNA was used for the template of ER1C-PCR, and the following DNA fingerprints were analyzed by the agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that DNA fingerprint of three B. thuringiensis strains had a unique amplicon less than 100-bp, while DNA fingerprint of three B. cereus＂ strains had none. Moreover, DNA fingerprint of B. cereus showed a 700-bp amplicon, but didn＇t have any DNA fingerprints ofB. thuringiensis genome. Therefore, ERIC-PCR technique should be able to be used for the differentiation of B. thuringiensis and B. cereus.     

猪圈及其周边社区环境大肠埃希菌气溶胶产生及其传播

目的是以大肠埃希菌为指示菌研究猪舍环境中微生物气溶胶产生及向其舍外环境的传播。采用Andersen-6级空气微生物样品收集器和RCS-离心式采样器分别在4个猪场舍内、舍外不同距离收集大肠埃希菌气溶胶,计算每个采样点大肠埃希菌的浓度;同时,采集猪的粪便,分离大肠埃希菌。利用ERIC-PCR技术,扩增其DNA条带,形成聚类图谱。通过每一个采样点大肠埃希菌遗传相似性分析及其浓度变化的比较,确认动物舍微生物气溶胶向舍外环境的传播模式。结果表明,4个猪场舍内空气中大肠埃希菌的浓度远远高于舍外大肠埃希菌浓度(P0.05)。52.4%粪便大肠埃希菌与舍内空气中的大肠埃希菌相似性可达90%以上;从猪场舍外下风方向分离到的多数大肠埃希菌(55%)与舍内空气或粪便中分离的大肠埃希菌相似性可达90%以上。说明源于猪舍的微生物气溶胶能够传播到舍外环境或居民社区,具有流行病学及公共卫生意义。     

ERIC-PCR和PFGE对大肠埃希菌由舍内向舍外传播的鉴定及两种方法的比较

为了深入认识鸡舍环境微生物气溶胶的产生及其向舍外环境的传播,同时比较ERIC-PCR和PFGE对细菌的基因分型结果,本研究以大肠埃希菌为指示菌,采用Andersen-6级空气微生物样品收集器,分别在两个鸡舍的舍内、舍外上风向10 m和50 m和下风向10、50、100、200、400 m的距离处收集空气样品,同时采集鸡的粪便,分离、鉴定大肠埃希菌。采用ERIC-PCR和PFGE两种方法对不同来源的大肠埃希菌分离株进行基因分型,根据每个采样点大肠埃希菌的相似性指数,确认动物舍内微生物气溶胶向舍外环境传播的模式,并比较这两种方法对大肠埃希菌的基因分型结果,分析这两种分子生物学分型方法各自的优缺点和适应性。本试验共采集到28株大肠埃希菌,ERIC-PCR和PFGE两种方法分别进行同源性鉴定显示,从鸡的粪便中分离到的大肠埃希菌与从舍内空气中分离到的部分大肠埃希菌(62.5%)具有相同来源;从鸡场舍外下风方向分离到的多数大肠埃希菌(20%)与舍内空气或粪便中分离的大肠埃希菌来源相同。而从鸡舍上风没有分离到大肠埃希菌,排除了下风向采得的大肠埃希菌来自上风向的可能。而很多从舍内空气和舍外下风方向分离到的大肠埃希菌与粪便中的具有相同来源,说明粪便中的细菌能够形成气溶胶,并且通过舍内外气体交换传播到舍外,依气象条件传播到舍外不同的距离。造成周边环境的生物污染以及病原微生物的扩散。本研究同时对ERIC-PCR和PFGE两种方法所得的分型结果进行了比较。PFGE的分辨率高于ERIC-PCR,而且PFGE的重复性也很高,不同试验室得出的结果可以相互比较,是细菌基因分型的\"金标准\"。但是PFGE试验费用高,需要时间长,对试剂、仪器和操作都具有很高的要求;ERIC-PCR虽然分辨率不及PFGE,但是ERIC-PCR简单、快速,成本低,对操作和试剂以及仪器要求都不高,所以ERIC-PCR也可以对肠杆菌进行同源性鉴定,应用于流行病学调查和对气源性微生物传播的鉴定。由于ERIC-PCR和PF-GE是根据DNA中不同的遗传特征进行分类的,所以这两种分型技术结合起来分析菌株的遗传进化关系,意义更大。