The possibility of application of agglomerate elastomers (EPP) as media for biological bed in aquaculture

The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of experimental media (agglomerate elastomers EPP) application as biological media bed, which serves the purpose of water purification in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). RAS enables mass‐production of fish in small volume of water in a limited area. This involves the possibility of multiple usage of water during culture. However, for that purpose of maintaining proper physico‐chemical parameters, water purification from products of metabolism, especially toxic nitrogen compounds, is required. One of the simplest and most effective ways to achieve it is combining application of two types of water filtration: mechanical and biological. It is needed to study new media for biological bed with proper filling is able to purify water from toxic nitrogen compounds.     

Large-scale screening for maize drought resistance using multiple selection criteria evaluated under water-stressed and well-watered environments

A total of 550 maize inbred lines collected from global breeding programs were evaluated for drought resistance under both well-watered and water-stressed environments. The evaluation was based on multiple measurements of biomass taken before and after the drought stress was applied using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), along with other selection criteria including anthesis-silking interval, leaf senescence, chlorophyll content, root capacitance, final grain yield, and grain yield components. Kernel weight was the most stable trait under drought stress. Correlations between the primary trait (grain yield) and the secondary traits, except the root capacitance and ASI under water-stressed condition, were all significant. Root capacitance had relatively low heritability and low genetic correlation with other drought resistance criteria, and is not recommended as a drought resistance criterion. Significant reduction of NDVI values measured in the afternoon when the leaves became rolling, compared to those measured in the morning when the leaves were open, provides a reliable index for leaf rolling, which however was not significantly correlated with grain yield. NDVIs measured across different developmental stages were highly correlated with each other and with most of the secondary traits as well as, grain yield, indicating that NDVI can be used as a secondary trait for large-scale drought resistance screening. Regression models built based on non-yield drought criteria and yield components explained about 40% and 95% of the variation for the grain yield, respectively. Some maize lines developed in China for temperate regions showed strong drought resistance comparable to tropical maize lines when tested under tropical condition, indicating that temperate lines with a wide adaptability can be used in drought resistance breeding for both temperate and tropical environments.     

连接PC机打印口的数据采集系统

设计了一种连接PC机并行打印口的数据采集系统,着重讨论了PC机并行打印口2种工作模式(SPP和EPP模式)下进行数据采集的接口电路设计,给出了EPP模式下的数据采集软件设计程序.该系统非常适合临时性的采集应用.     

基于EPP模式的激光通信系统

利用计算机并口的EPP(Enhanced parallel port)模式来实现计算机高速数据输出和输入。本系统主要由Altera公司生产的FPGA芯片EPC10K10LC84-4、激光发射头、激光接收器组成。其功能可以实现两台计算机之间无线传输文本及文件。FPGA芯片完成数据的并串与串并转换,其程序由VHDL硬件描述语言编写。激光发射器与接收器完成串行数据之间的传输。与两台互相通信的计算机端口的操作和数据的发送与读写有关的程序由VC编写。整个系统完全由USB口提供5V电源,无需另加外置电源。整个传输过程只需由人用鼠标和键盘做简单的控制,即可由计算机和激光传输系统自行完成,将其显示在屏幕上。     

Effective pollination period in durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) and the factors regulating it

The effective pollination period (EPP) of durian was determined by both delayed and bud pollination, during which reproductive factors affecting the EPP, e.g., stigma receptivity, pollen tube growth in the style, and ovule longevity were studied histologically. This study was conducted in three distinct locations in Thailand, namely, the Chantaburi Horticultural Research Center and two private orchards in Chantaburi and Trat provinces. Results from artificial pollination revealed that at anthesis, the durian flower is receptive and has a high fruit set ratio. A mean fruit set of 50% was obtained at anthesis in the private orchard in Chantaburi province. However, the EPP of durian was found to be very short, lasting for only one night; the fruit set from pollination on the morning after anthesis ranged from 0% to 3.4%. No fruit set occurred following pollination 24 or more hours after anthesis. When compared with the flowers of other fruit species, the durian flower has a unique feature in that it blooms overnight; the following morning, there is abscission of all parts of the flower, except the gynoecium. Thus, EPP appears to be synchronized with flower longevity. On the other hand, the durian flower was receptive several hours before anthesis. The results of chemical tests, including the hydrogen peroxide test and Perex-Test^®, for the evaluation of stigma receptivity appeared to be in agreement with the EPP. However, fluorescent microscopy revealed that pollen could germinate even in the stigmas pollinated 48 h after anthesis, but the number of pollen tubes at the top of the style rapidly decreased from 34.6 (at anthesis) to 0.5 (48 h after anthesis). A correlation test demonstrated a higher correlation coefficient between the fruit set and the number of pollen than that between the fruit set and the result of Perex-Test^®. This indicated that pollen tube penetration or elongation in the style was inhibited, probably due to the deterioration of nutritional support from the pistil to the pollen tubes; this can be a limiting factor of the EPP in durian.     

紫锥菊多糖与硫酸化紫锥菊多糖颉颃环磷酰胺对雏鸡免疫抑制作用的研究

试验旨在研究紫锥菊多糖（EPP）与硫酸化紫锥菊多糖（SEPP）对雏鸡免疫抑制状态的调节作用,将320羽14日龄健康岭南黄公鸡随机均分成空白组（NC）、环磷酰胺组（CY）及CY+EPP高、中、低3个剂量组（EPPH、EPPM和EPPL组）和CY+SEPP高、中、低3个剂量组（SEPPH、SEPPM和SEPPL组）,除NC组注射生理盐水外,其余7组连续3 d肌内注射80 mg/（kg·d）CY进行造模,造模后EPPH、EPPM和EPPL组连续7 d分别给予10、5、2.5 mg/（kg·d）EPP,SEPPH、SEPPM和SEPPL组连续7 d分别给予10、5、2.5 mg/（kg·d）SEPP。在首次给药后第7、14、21和28天测定鸡群的体重,肝脏、脾脏、肾脏的脏器指数,外周血淋巴细胞转化作用,血液生化指标,细胞因子和抗氧化因子指标。结果表明,SEPP和EPP均能显著提高CY诱导免疫抑制鸡体重、肝脏指数、脾脏指数和肾脏指数（P<0.05）,提高外周血淋巴细胞转化作用,降低葡萄糖（GLU）、尿素（UREA）浓度和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性,升高谷草转氨酶（AST）、白蛋白（ALB）浓度,且能显著提高白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、IL-6浓度（P<0.05）,SEPP效果优于EPP。说明雏鸡口服一定剂量的EPP和SEPP对CY引起的细胞免疫和体液免疫抑制具有一定的颉颃作用,其中在各采样时间点SEPP对鸡外周血淋巴细胞转化效果优于EPP,给药21和28 d SEPP对鸡外周血细胞因子IL-2的分泌效果优于EPP。     

Effects of post-anthesis fertilizer on the protein composition of the gluten polymer in a US bread wheat

Both genetic and environmental factors influence the types and amounts of wheat proteins that link together to form polymers essential for flour quality. To understand how plant growth conditions might influence gluten polymer formation, protein fractions containing small and large polymers were separated from flour from the US wheat Butte 86 grown in the absence or presence of post-anthesis fertilizer. Proteins in the polymer fractions were analyzed by quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The ratio of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) to low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) increased in both fractions in response to fertilizer, due in part to small increases in the proportions of individual HMW-GS. There were also changes within the LMW-GS. In particular, omega and alpha chain terminators increased in proportion in both polymer fractions, but changes were more pronounced in the large polymer fractions. Serpins also increased in both polymer fractions. Additionally, the study revealed differences in the proportions of traditional LMW-GS in small and large polymer fractions. LMW-s type proteins were more abundant in the large polymers while LMW-i type proteins were more prevalent in the small polymers, suggesting that these proteins may play different roles in the gluten polymer.     

基于CPLD的计算机并口EPP模式通讯实现

基于增强并行口（EPP）的数据通讯系统与基于SPP和RS232接口的数据通讯系统相比较,前者具有更高的数据传输速率.用CPLD开发的计算机并行口EPP模式通讯具备多项优点：高速度、灵活、功能齐全（得益于CPLD丰富的内部资源）,引脚自定义为设计PCB板提供极大方便. 针对EPP模式的WDM驱动程序设计方案,给出了基于CPLD的EPP模式接口电路的设计实例.