青霉素V钾滴丸的研制

为减少青霉素V钾的水解并提高其疗效，用聚乙二醇400和聚乙二醇6000为基质制备青霉素V钾滴丸。体外抑菌试验表明，青霉素v钾滴丸抑菌作用略强于人药片剂。     

The intravenous bile Acid loading test in the goat: determination of a procedural protocol and reference values

An intravenous bile acid loading test was performed on 16 goats using various dosages and sampling protocols. A recently developed enzymatic bile acid assay provided an economical and technologically simple method for bile acid analysis. Intravenous injection of bile salts into goats was well tolerated. Clearance times were rapid. A protocol for performance of the test was suggested and a practical reference range for T 1/2 clearance of 4+/-1 minute was determined. Further investigations of this test in the assessment of liver function in the ruminant appear warranted.     

Contribution to the taxonomy and pathogenicity of fungicolous Verticillium species. II. Pathogenicity

In recent years in the Netherlands a second mushroom species,Agaricus bitorquis, which prefers higher temperatures thanA. bisporus and is less susceptible to certain diseases, is often commercially grown.Verticillium fungicola var.fungicola, the causal agent of dry bubble, is responsible for considerable damage in crops ofA. bisporus. InA. bitorquis, however, dry bubble has hardly been noticed, but brown spots due toV. fungicola var.aleophilum resulted in inferior mushroom quality. The latter variety also caused brown spots ina. bisporus, but to a minor degree. In variety Les Miz 60 ofA. bisporus, however, it also induced fruit-body deformation in a way different from dry bubble. Verticillium psalliotae, isolated fromA. bitorquis in England, induced more confluent brown spots inA. bitorquis. In the netherlands, where moreA. bitorquis is grown than in other countries,V. psalliotae has not yet been encountered in crops ofA. bitorquis. V. psalliotae, which has a high temperature optimum for mycelial growth, likeV. fungicola var.aleophilum andA. bitorquis, did not infectA. bisporus in our trials.Artificial infection ofA. bisporus orA. bitorquis could not be accomplished with the following related and/or fungicolous fungi:Verticillium lamellicola, V. fungicola var.flavidum, V. biguttatum, Nectriopsis tubariicola, Acremonium crotocinigenum andAphanocladium album.Samenvatting Vooral in Nederland wordt sinds een aantal jaren naastAgaricus bisporus ook de warmteminnende champignonsoortAgaricus bitorquis geteeld, die minder vatbaar is voor bepaalde ziekten. TerwijlVerticillium fungicola varfungicola in de teelt vanA. bisporus droge mollen en daardoor veel schade veroorzaakt, komen in de teelt vanA. bitorquis geen droge mollen voor maar wel bruine vlekken, die tot kwaliteitsverlies en dus schade leiden. De vlekken bleken veroorzaakt te worden doorV. fungicola var.aleophilum. Deze schimmel veroorzaakte ook inA. bisporus bruine vlekken, hoewel in minder ernstige mate, maar in het ras Les Miz 60 vanA. bisporus bovendien misvormde champignons, die wel op droge mollen leken, maar daaraan niet gelijk waren.OokV. psalliotae, in Engeland geïsoleerd vanA. bitorquis met vlekken, veroorzaakte wat meer samenvloeiende, bruine vlekken inA. bitorquis. In Nederland, waar meerA. bitorquis geteeld wordt dan in andere landen, isV. psalliotae nog niet aangetroffen in teelten vanA. bitorquis. InA. bisporus kon geen kunstmatige infectie worden verkregen metV. psalliotae, die net alsV. fungicola var.aleophilum enA. bitorquis warmteminnend genoemd zou kunnen worden.Met de volgendeVerticillium-achtige of van paddestoelen geïsoleerde schimmels kon evenmin op kunstmatige wijze een infectie worden opgeroepen inA. bisporus ofA. bitorquis: Verticillium lamellicola, V. fungicola var.flavidum, V. biguttatum, Nectriopsis tubariicola, Acremonium crotocinigenum enAphanocladium album.     

IL-12 induces T lymphocytes apoptosis and influences the expression and signal transduction of Fas/FasL

AIM: IL-12 acts upon Tlymphocytes and activates its receptor complexes of β1/β2,and so IL-12 can regulate TH1/TH2 balance. Our study is aimed at IL-12-inducing apoptosis of Tcells and expression and signal transduction of Fas/FasLduring Tcell apoptosis. METHODS: The apoptosis of Tcells was detected by Annexin Vstaining cytometry and the expression of Fas/FasLunder different inhibitors were detected by semi-quantitative PCR. RESULTS: IL-12 induced the human leukemic Tcell line(TIB-152) and the human lymphoma Tcell line(HTB-176) and the normal human Tcells to undergo apoptosis. The FasLexpression at 6 hours after treatment with IL-12 increased apparently, and reached the max at 24 hours, and FasLexpression induced by IL-12 was inhibited by PKCinhibitor. But IL-12 did not influence Fas expression. CONCLUSIONS: IL-12 can induce Tcells to undergo apoptosis which is characterized by early membrane changes, the inducing effect is correlated with the concentration of IL-12 and the maturation of Tcells. FasLparticipates in the progression of Tcell apoptosis as a apoptosis mediator, and the effect of IL-12 on FasLexpression may be related with PKCpathway.     

不同青贮玉米大喇叭口期和成熟期耐盐碱性综合评价

以25个不同青贮玉米品种为试验材料,在宁夏银川北部盐碱地,通过测定不同品种大喇叭口期和成熟期的表型性状和光合气体交换参数进行耐盐碱性鉴定,并利用主成分分析和模糊隶属函数法对不同青贮玉米的耐盐碱强弱进行综合评价。结果表明：各青贮玉米品种处于不同生育期时对盐碱的敏感程度不同（发育阶段性）,同一时期不同品种之间耐盐碱性也存在着差异（品种特异性）。根据综合评价值（D值）大小,将耐盐碱性分为三级：D值大于0.6为强耐盐碱性材料;D值在0.2~0.6之间为中耐盐碱性材料;D值低于0.2为对盐碱敏感的材料。其中,在大喇叭口期时具有强耐盐碱性的材料有：科多8号、桂青贮1号和133-2/1528,D值分别为0.770、0.705和0.614;在成熟期时具有强耐盐碱性的材料有：H14/A18和桂青贮1号,D值分别为0.761和0.728;而表现为敏盐性的材料为H14/1528,D值在大喇叭口期和成熟期时分别为0.140和0.155;其余品种均属于中度耐盐碱材料,D值处于0.2~0.6之间。     

中国野生种毛葡萄光合特性的研究

毛葡萄（ＶｉｔｉｓｑｕｉｎｑｕａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓＲｅｈｄ）的净光合速率日变化值明显高于山葡萄、宝石、白玉霓，且无栽培品种光合作用的“午休”现象。毛葡萄的净光合速率与其它野生种葡萄和栽培品种比较也表现出较高水平。在进行ＣＯ２饱和点和补偿点测定时，毛葡萄也较栽培品种白玉霓有较强的光合作用，因此，毛葡萄是葡萄高光合效率育种的优良野生种质资源。     

高能湿法球磨制备鱼胶原肽螯合钙及其理化特征

为了拓展胶原肽螯合钙的制备工艺,以鱼胶原肽和CaCl2为原料,以高能湿法球磨的方法制备了鱼胶原肽螯合钙,并采用FT-IR红外图谱、X-衍射、EDS能谱等技术手段对其理化特性和结构进行分析.结果显示,随着球磨时间从15 min延长到240 min,鱼胶原肽的平均粒径逐渐降低,ZETA电位绝对值、分子量和pH值逐渐增加,鱼...     

乌饭叶色素的稳定性研究

为了解乌饭叶色素的应用特性,以乌饭叶为原料,采用溶剂法提取色素,考察了乌饭叶色素的溶解性以及温度、光照、pH值、甜味剂、氧化剂、还原剂和金属离子等因素对其稳定性的影响。结果表明,乌饭叶色素易溶于水、乙醇等极性溶剂;耐高温,光照、还原剂及酸碱环境对其无明显影响,但对氧化剂较敏感;K+、Na+、Al3+和Ca2+对其无显著影响,而Fe3+、Mg2+、Cu2+和Fe2+对其有明显破坏作用,在使用时应注意避开;此外,葡萄糖、果糖的存在对色素影响不大,而高浓度蔗糖不利于其保存。     

南方湿热地区不同葡萄品种霜霉病抗性鉴定

为了分析不同葡萄品种对霜霉病的抗病性差异,采用田间自然鉴定的方法,调查在南方湿热地区不同品种对霜霉病的抗性。结果表明,欧亚种葡萄品种对霜霉病较感病,大部分品种对霜霉病表现为高感,各品种平均病情指数达到73.75,美丽无核两年病情指数平均高达91.51;毛葡萄野生株系抗病力较强,大部分株系表现为高抗,有的株系甚至表现为免疫,各品种病情指数两年平均仅有2.47;圆叶葡萄在南方高温高湿环境下种植,各品种病情指数均为0.00,对霜霉病表现为免疫。     

不同架式对四师67团酿酒葡萄生长发育和果实品质的影响

[目的]探索适宜当地"赤霞珠"葡萄优质、高效生产的架式与树形.[方法]以2年生"赤霞珠"葡萄品种为试材,研究了传统"篱架"、"V"型架对伊犁67团"赤霞珠"葡萄节间生长情况、果实相关品质的影响.[结果]采用"V"型架的整形方式可显著增加结果枝的节间长度,降低节间粗度;增加可溶性固形物、总酚、总花色素含量,降低可滴定酸和单宁含量;显著地增加单穗重、单粒重、果实纵横径、每棵树结果数.[结论]"V"型架在品质、产量均优于篱架,对当地酿酒葡萄的发展具有一定的指导和理论意义.