Acclimation abilities of three tropical rainforest seedlings to an increase in light intensity

Current practices in many nurseries involve the germination of tropical rainforest seedlings in shaded conditions and transferral, at a later date, to environments with greater light intensities. Determination of the ability of these seedlings to acclimate to increased light intensities will allow seedling stock to be processed with maximum efficiency within the nursery. The acclimation abilities of three species, Agyrodendron actinophyllum, Cardwellia sublimis, and Flindersia brayleyana, commonly found in north Queensland's rainforests were investigated in this study. These particular species are highly valued for their cabinet timber qualities and are being reared in nurseries for use in reforestation trials and programs in north Queensland. Seedlings were initially raised in greenhouse conditions under two layers of shade cloth (16% of full sunlight) and then transferred into full sunlight at three different ages (3 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks). Upon transfer, organ ratios and the direction of dry matter distribution was determined for each species and age group. Approximately 3 months after the seedlings were transferred, the acclimation ability of each species and age group was then determined. Dry matter distribution was found to change with age, irrespective of light environment. Individuals within a species with larger root systems and thicker or more dense leaves had a greater acclimation ability than those with smaller root systems and thinner or less dense leaves. Furthermore, individuals within a species whose dry matter distribution upon transfer was directed towards developing a large root system, and a small photosynthetic area and mass, had a greater acclimation ability than those whose dry matter distribution was directed away from such morphologies. Awareness of these relationships allows a better understanding of seedling response to gap formation in natural forests, and also allows plant nursery operators to make a more informed decision about when to move seedlings to environments with a higher light intensity.     

以花生为主体作物的立体种植高效农业配置

以覆膜花生为优势布局的小麦     

辽东地区落叶松人工林连作对立地质量的影响

采用解析木导向曲线法编制了辽东地区日本落叶松地位指数表。在此基础上，对落叶松地拉指数与立地因子及落叶松栽植代数的关系进行了分析，认为不同栽植代数对落叶松人工森地位指数影响差异显，落叶松连作造成立地质量下降。     

重迎茬亚麻生长发育障碍机制的研究

重迎茬亚麻减产是由多种因素综合作用的结果,亚麻重迎茬可使病害加重是最主要因素,重茬年限越久发病越严重;重迎茬造成了土壤营养元素的单一消耗,随着重迎茬年限的增加,土壤中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾等含量降低。     

东南丘陵区旱地耕作制度的类型、模式及关键技术

东南丘陵区旱地耕作制度主要包括多熟种植、轮作换茬和复地连作等三大类型,每一类型含有多种种植模式。为实现旱地耕作制度的高产、稳产和持续增产,东南丘陵区在发展旱地农业时主要采取了以下9项配套关键技术：（1）坡改梯田建设与综合治理技术;（2）集径流蓄水与节水灌溉技术;（3）培肥土壤与以肥调水技术;（4）深耕细作与保护性耕作技术;（5）抗耐旱作物与品种的选用及配套技术;（6）秸秆覆盖与地膜栽培技术;（7）丰产沟与丰产坑耕作技术;（8）旱地错季适应栽培技术;（9）化学制剂在旱作农业中的应用技术。     

北疆“一年两作”冬小麦-复播青贮玉米模式物质生产及资源利用率研究

为建立与农区畜牧业发展相适应的资源高效利用的新型饲料生产体系,满足市场对青贮玉米需求,2011—2012年在新疆天山以北地区对冬小麦-复播青贮玉米、单季冬小麦、单季青贮玉米不同模式的物质积累和生育过程的光、温资源的实际利用效率进行系统测定分析。结果表明,冬小麦-复播青贮玉米双季模式优于传统单季种植冬小麦模式,其全年干物质生产率提高84.8%、周年干物质产能提高87.8%,年总辐射利用效率提高87%,年总有效积温利用率103%。复播青贮玉米干物质生产效比春播率低7.1%,太阳总辐射生产率和温度生产效率复播比春播分别高0.12 g·J^-1和0.7 kg·hm^-2·℃^-1。因此冬小麦-复播青贮玉米具有高产高效特点,为一熟 农区畜牧发展提了一条新型饲料生产种植模式。     

花生除草地膜对田间杂草防除及花生产量的影响研究

通过在广东省花生主产区进行花生除草地膜覆盖栽培试验,探讨了该地膜对不同土壤类型和不同耕作制度的花生田间杂草的防除效果。结果表明:花生除草地膜适用于广东省各花生主产区,且产量平均增加28.93%;花生除草地膜对水旱轮作田和旱地的杂草防除效果略有不同,其中对水旱轮作田杂草的防除效果达80%以上,对旱地杂草的防除效果高达90%以上且防效稳定;在前茬作物为水稻或蔬菜的花生地,花生除草地膜对田间的防除效果均达到80%以上,但要注意控制多年生杂草。     

不同复种油菜-轮作模式对马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响

为探讨马铃薯不同轮作系统复种饲用油菜对马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响,2017年在长期大田定位试验基础上选取4个处理,即马铃薯连作（CK）、马铃薯-小麦复种油菜-马铃薯（WPRP）、马铃薯-豌豆复种油菜-马铃薯（PPRP）、小麦-豌豆复种油菜-马铃薯（WPPR）,研究不同复种轮作模式对马铃薯耗水特性、水分利用效率和产量的影响。结果表明：马铃薯块茎增长期到收获期,CK 160~200 cm土壤水分含量和播前无差异,而WPRP、PPRP、WPPR 0~200 cm土壤各层含水量均大于播前,其中,块茎增长期到淀粉积累期,各层土壤平均含水量分别提高了43.02%、38.58%、24.63%,淀粉积累期到收获期,分别提高36.47%、33.63%和21.43%; 120~200 cm土壤各层含水量表现为：WPRP＞PPRP＞WPPR＞CK。WPRP、PPRP、WPPR耗水深度和贮水量均大于CK,其中,块茎增长期到淀粉积累期,耗水深度较CK分别增加42.86%、42.86%、42.86%,土壤贮水量较CK分别增加10.36%、12.91%和8.49%;淀粉积累期到收获期,耗水深度较CK分别增加了25.00%、12.50%、12.50%,土壤贮水量分别增加了12.56%、6.78%和2.95%,且WPRP贮水量较CK显著提高12.56%。块茎形成期、块茎增长期和淀粉积累期,WPRP耗水量较CK分别减少了16.2%、25.2%和5.1%。WPRP、PPRP、WPPR较CK产量分别增加33.51%、40.05%、14.47%,WUE分别提高54.83%、52.32%、19.78%。综上,马铃薯轮作系统复种油菜增加了降雨入渗深度、土壤贮水量和耗水深度,降低了阶段性耗水量,提高了马铃薯产量和WUE。且马铃薯-小麦复种油菜-马铃薯为该地区较佳的轮作模式。     

烟草连作效应分析及对策初探

综述了连作对烟草在病害、土壤养分、土壤微生物、生长发育和产质量等造成的不利影响,初步分析并提出了一些有针对性的有效缓解和防治措施,同时对烟草连作障碍研究进行了展望。     

温室番茄干物质分配及果实生长发育规律的研究

以番茄品种辽园多丽为试验材料,在日光温室内对植株生长期各器官干物质分配及单个果实生长发育进行了研究。结果表明:番茄在开花结果后,地上部分配指数保持在0.9以上,地下部分配指数维持在0.1以下,同化物大多供给地上部用于茎、叶、果的生长;番茄果实横径与发育时间呈"S"形曲线变化规律,并利用Logistic方程建立番茄果实生长的模型。