排序方式: 共有9条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1
1.
我国环境二噁英监测现状分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了我国当前的二噁英排放控制标准、监测技术规范,分析了二噁英监测能力现状和二噁英监测工作中存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议。 相似文献
2.
介绍了二恶英类物质的定义、理化特性、来源、危害等,同时也介绍了世界各国参考使用的二恶英分析方法、控制标准及其防治建议,为制定因地制宜的控制措施和开展有关二恶英的基础研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
4.
L. Marconato C. Leo R. Girelli S. Salvi F. Abramo G. Bettini S. Comazzi P. Nardi F. Albanese E. Zini 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(3):564-569
Background: Increased cancer rates have been documented in people residing in areas around Naples characterized by illegal dumping and incineration of waste.
Hypothesis: Risk of cancer in dogs and cats is associated with waste management.
Animals: Four hundred and fifty-three dogs and cats with cancer and 1,554 cancer-free animals.
Methods: Hospital-based case-control study in Naples (low danger) and nearby cities having a history of illegal waste dumping (high danger). Odds ratio (OR) between high- and low-danger areas was calculated for all tumors and various malignancies in dogs and cats.
Results: An increased risk for cancer development was identified in dogs but not in cats residing in high-danger areas (OR: 1.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–2.03; P < .01). A 2.39-fold increased risk of lymphoma ( P < .01) accounted for the greater tumor frequency in dogs residing in high-danger areas. The risk of mast cell tumor and mammary cancer did not differ in dogs residing in high- or low-danger areas.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Waste emission from illegal dumping sites increases cancer risk in dogs residing in high-danger areas. An increased prevalence of lymphoma has been previously recognized in humans living close to illegal waste dumps. Thus, epidemiological studies of spontaneous tumors in dogs might suggest a role for environmental factors in canine and human carcinogenesis and can predict health hazards for humans. 相似文献
Hypothesis: Risk of cancer in dogs and cats is associated with waste management.
Animals: Four hundred and fifty-three dogs and cats with cancer and 1,554 cancer-free animals.
Methods: Hospital-based case-control study in Naples (low danger) and nearby cities having a history of illegal waste dumping (high danger). Odds ratio (OR) between high- and low-danger areas was calculated for all tumors and various malignancies in dogs and cats.
Results: An increased risk for cancer development was identified in dogs but not in cats residing in high-danger areas (OR: 1.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.18–2.03; P < .01). A 2.39-fold increased risk of lymphoma ( P < .01) accounted for the greater tumor frequency in dogs residing in high-danger areas. The risk of mast cell tumor and mammary cancer did not differ in dogs residing in high- or low-danger areas.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Waste emission from illegal dumping sites increases cancer risk in dogs residing in high-danger areas. An increased prevalence of lymphoma has been previously recognized in humans living close to illegal waste dumps. Thus, epidemiological studies of spontaneous tumors in dogs might suggest a role for environmental factors in canine and human carcinogenesis and can predict health hazards for humans. 相似文献
5.
本试验研究了二噁英对大鼠肝脏芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor,AhR)的影响及自由基清除剂(free radical scavenger,FRS)的保护效应。动物随机分为3组:对照组(Ⅰ组)、二噁英组(Ⅱ组)和二噁英+FRS保护组(Ⅲ组)。3组动物经相应处理后分别在4、8、12、16 d采集血液和肝脏作为检测样本。Ⅱ组丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平在4、8、12、16 d测定时明显高于Ⅰ(P<0.01)、Ⅲ组(P>0.05),Ⅱ组超氧化物歧化酶(super oxide dismutase,SOD)水平在4、8、12、16 d测定时明显高于Ⅰ(P<0.01)、Ⅲ组(P>0.05)。Ⅰ组AhR主要存在于胞浆内,极少量的存在于胞核中;Ⅱ组随着时间变化呈增加趋势,在4 d明显低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),随后明显增加8 d(P>0.05)、12、16 d(P<0.01);Ⅲ组在第4天AhR基因表达的变化类似于Ⅰ组,但其趋势较Ⅰ组明显减缓;Ⅰ组核内有极少量的存在,Ⅱ组随时间的增加明显增多(P<0.01),Ⅲ组也有所增加,但其趋势明显减缓。二噁英急性中毒可影响AhR的表达,从而发挥各种毒性效应,最终导致机体的损伤;而FRS则能明显抑制二噁英对肝脏中AhR的影响,从而抑制各种毒性效应,对由二噁英诱导的肝损伤具有显著的保护效应。进一步说明了体内自由基水平的升高在二噁英中毒的发生、发展中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
回顾了垃圾焚烧二恶英排放对周边环境介质暴露的数值模拟研究进展情况。在评估垃圾焚烧厂排放的二恶英对周边环境的影响和暴露风险时,选用大气扩散模式不仅可以从空间上定量地反映源排放对周边环境影响的范围和强度,还可以识别出环境中较大落地浓度所在位置和距离;在掌握模拟区域的PCDD/Fs和PCBs等特征污染物排放清单以及常规污染物清单的基础上,采用CMAQ模型对于研究某一区域内大气复合污染方面具有优势;在忽略二恶英与气溶胶颗粒间的吸附和富集作用、与其他大气成分间的化学反应的情况下,采用ISC3的ISCST3模型开展毒性污染物风险评估的研究较为成熟。多介质源归趋模型主要用于评估一个区域内污染物在多相介质间的交换过程,并确定污染物的最终去向,但它不易于从空间上反映污染物的分布及影响范围和强度等;而源解析模型则主要基于受体角度估计各种排放源对受体的贡献率。因此,在实际应用中联合使用多种模型对二恶英环境暴露水平进行模拟,并紧密结合环境监测手段,建立起监测数据对模拟结果有效性检验的方法,是今后该研究应关注的重点。 相似文献
9.
1