扁桃斑鸠菊扦插繁育影响因子研究

[目的]了解影响扁桃斑鸠菊扦插育苗的相关因素,提高育苗成活率。[方法]开展不同基质类型、不同插穗类型以及不同植物生长调节剂对扁桃斑鸠菊扦插繁育效果的研究。[结果]2年生(半木质化带顶芽)的插穗最有利于扁桃斑鸠菊的扦插繁殖,成活率达86.05%;200 mg/L IBA处理可显著提高插穗扦插成活率、平均根长及生根数,成活率达93.33%;使用轻基质作为扁桃斑鸠菊的扦插基质,其插穗的成活率、生根数和平均根长等指标均显著高于其余3种。[结论]应首选2年生(半木质化带顶芽)的扁桃斑鸠菊插穗,经200 mg/L IBA处理,选用轻基质作为扦插基质更有利于苗木繁育。     

基于BSA-Seq技术的甜瓜抗霜霉病InDel标记开发

目的 获得与甜瓜抗霜霉病基因连锁的分子标记或功能标记,用于甜瓜分子标记辅助选择育种。为进一步克隆甜瓜抗霜霉病主效基因奠定基础。方法 以野生高抗霜霉病资源DM-4和感病自交系DM-2为亲本,构建F₂代分离群体,利用BSA-seq对甜瓜抗霜霉基因进行QTL定位,开发InDel分子标记,并在双亲及其F₂群体单株进行筛选验证。结果 甜瓜抗霜霉病主效QTL位于第9号染色体。在候选区间开发了37个InDel分子标记,有9个PCR产物大小在抗、感双亲表现出差异,用F₂单株验证,结合田间表型鉴定结果,引物InDel 15和InDel 20准确率分别为95 %和98 %,引物InDel 15和InDel 20在抗病亲本中扩增产物大小分别为251和349 bp,在感病亲本中分别为231和324 bp。结论 引物InDel 15和InDel 20可以作为分子标记进行抗霜霉病辅助选育,加快了甜瓜抗霜霉病育种速度。     

采收期及贮藏方式对瓦里短枝苹果生理变化的影响

为研究采收期及贮藏方式对瓦里短枝苹果生理变化的影响,以瓦里短枝苹果为材料,在室温(温度16~27℃,RH 28%~40%)、地窖(温度13~18℃,RH 54%~62%)和冷藏[温度(4±1)℃,RH 85%~95%]条件下进行试验。结果表明:①盛花后157 d,单果质量无明显增加;②室温贮藏10 d,采摘Ⅴ、Ⅵ期果实乙烯释放高峰出现,达到可食用状态;贮藏20 d,采摘Ⅱ、Ⅲ期果实硬度较高;③地窖贮藏下,Ⅱ~Ⅳ期果实乙烯释放高峰分别出现于25 d、20 d2、0 d,贮藏30 d时果实硬度依然保持在6.00 kg.cm-2以上,风味良好;采摘Ⅴ、Ⅵ期苹果贮藏20 d后,硬度均降到5.00 kg.cm-2左右,肉质绵;④冷藏条件下,不同采摘期果实贮藏120 d后,硬度均在6.00 kg.cm-2以上,可溶性固形物含量15%,贮藏特性良好。     

Cytochrome P-450 in insects. 6. Age dependency and phenobarbital induction of cytochrome P-450, P-450 reductase,and monooxygenase activities in susceptible and resistant strains of Musca domestica

Development and phenobarbital (PB) induction of microsomal cytochrome P-450, cytochrome P-450 reductase, two epoxidation, and two O-demethylation activities were examined in chronologically timed populations of insecticide-susceptible (NAIDM) and -resistant (Rutgers) house flies. Measurements of these enzymes started with the pharate adult stage and ended 5 days following eclosion. Untreated insects of both strains had comparable reductase levels, whereas cytochrome P-450 and associated monooxygenase activities were 1.5-fold or more higher in Rutgers. Maximum induction, as well as toxicity, occurred at a lower PB concentration in NAIDM than Rutgers. The drug caused consistently higher increases in enzymes and activities within 12 hr of starting treatment in both strains. When PB was withdrawn from treated flies (both strains) 48 hr after treatment began, specific activities (product min^?1 mg protein^?1) in all enzymes returned to control values in 24 hr while metabolic capacity (product min^?1 insect^?1) achieved control values within 48 hr. The changes in turnover numbers (pmol product min^?1 pmol P-450^?1), in conjunction with the differences in the monooxygenation of the four substrates, suggest that PB treatment induced both a quantitative and qualitative change in NAIDM monooxygenation but only a quantitative change in Rutgers monooxygenation.     

质子和太空辐射对金鱼草的诱变效应

以金鱼草为试材,采用太空诱变和质子辐射的方式,研究了辐射对金鱼草表观性状和分子水平的变化,以生物学统计的方法对金鱼草发芽率、株高等数据进行分析。用RAPD和Qpcrd方法对金鱼草基因组DNA和花青素调控基因Del和Rosea的表达量进行研究。结果表明:2种诱变方式使红色金鱼草发芽率显著降低,黄色金鱼草发芽率基本不变;对株高影响不显著;叶片由对照的矩圆状变为太空诱变后的长椭圆形和质子辐射的披针状;RAPD结果显示太空诱变后产生的多态性比率大于质子辐射,黄色金鱼草的多态性比率稍高于红色金鱼草;qPCR结果显示Del基因和Rosea基因在红色金鱼草中的表达量太空诱变和质子辐射后都高于对照,且太空诱变对红色金鱼草基因的相对表达量高于质子辐射,Del基因和Rosea基因在辐射后黄色鱼草中的表达量都低于对照。     

Cytochrome P-450 in insects. 7. Age dependency and phenobarbital induction of cytochrome P-450, P-450 reductase,and monooxygenase activities in the black blow fly (Phormia regina,Meigen)

Development and phenobarbital (PB) induction of microsomal cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase, two epoxidation, and two O-demethylation activities were examined in chronologically timed populations of female black blow flies (Phormia regina, Meigen). Measurements of these enzymes started with the pharate adult stage and ended 5 days following eclosion. Induction occurred in all enzymes, even at 0.005% PB, and was maximum at 0.15%. Dramatic induction of the O-demethylation of 7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin was observed in flies dosed with the maximum concentration of the drug. This monooxygenase activity increased to nearly 1400 times the level in control flies, whereas the other O-demethylation (methoxyresorufin) and the two epoxidation reactions exhibited considerably less change. Induction of the structural enzymes of this enzyme system were 10-fold for cytochrome P-450 and 5-fold for NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase. These data suggest that PB induces several P-450's in the blow fly, particularly one bearing a high degree of specificity for 7-methoxy-4-methycoumarin.     

药用植物扁桃斑鸠菊的离体快速繁殖技术研究

以扁桃斑鸠菊(Vernonia amygdalina Del.)茎段为外植体对其进行离体培养与快速繁殖技术研究。结果表明,外植体表面消毒以75%乙醇预处理10 s,再用0.1%氯化汞浸泡8 min效果最好;继代培养的最适宜培养基为MS+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L IBA,增殖系数可达4.0;最适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+0.10 mg/L IBA,生根率可达100%;光照度为1 500~2 500 lx时,组培苗生长健壮;将生根后的植株进行移栽,在轻基质中或黄心土中成活率均可达90%以上。     

Berberis buxifolia fruiting: Kinetic growth behavior and evolution of chemical properties during the fruiting period and different growing seasons

This work studied the growth of Berberis buxifolia fruits and some of their chemical attributes during the fruiting period and different growing seasons (2004/2005, 2005/2006, 2006/2007) from November (14 days from full flower phase) till March (126 days from full flower phase) for plants growing in a natural environment near Ushuaia city (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). B. buxifolia fruit growth and composition presented significant changes during the fruiting period and the studied growing seasons. Fresh and dry weight of B. buxifolia fruits exhibited a typical double sigmoid curve. The first period of rapid growth was from full flower phase till 42–56 days after, while the second phase of rapid growth began around the 56–70 days from full flower and ended approximately 4 months later. On a dry weight basis the maximum fruit biomass (119.5 mg) was reached 112 days after full flower while maximum fresh weight fruit biomass (424.3 mg) occurred by day 84. Evolution of fruit growth was related with the compositional changes evaluated. By day 126 from full flower, soluble solids (24.9°Brix) and anthocyanin concentration (761.3 mg/100 g fruit fresh weight) were at their maximum values, while at this time the total titratable acidity was at a minimum value (2.56%). The results obtained not only contributes to the knowledge of the quantitative content of anthocyanin, a metabolite with nutraceutical value but, gives some tools for the definition of the optimal harvest time of B. buxifolia fruits, what it is important for fruit destination.     

不同提取方式所得纸乳香树提取物对DPPH清除能力研究

为研究不同提取方式所得纸乳香树(Boswellia papyrifera(Del.)Hochst)提取物的抗氧化效果,采用DPPH自由基清除法对3种提取物进行试验。结果显示,传统水蒸气蒸馏法(100℃,提取5h)、优化水蒸气蒸馏法(100℃,提取56h)和乙醇浸提法(62.5℃,100%乙醇,提取2h)的提取率分别为(2.04±0.11)%、(8.15±1.40)%和(38.17±3.38)%;其提取物(BEOT、BEOF、BEE)对DPPH自由基清除能力为BEE!BEOT!BEOF;3种提取物的成分种类及含量均有差异。     

基于转录组测序芒果抗细菌性角斑病SNP/In Del分析

旨在挖掘与芒果抗细菌性角斑病紧密联系的SNP/In Del位点，以进一步揭示芒果抗细菌性角斑病的遗传多样性和分子机理。试验材料为细菌性角斑病高抗品种‘热农1号’和高感品种‘凯特’，分别对两个品种接病菌后0 d、2 d、6 d的果皮进行转录组分析，以基因组‘红象牙’作为参考，鉴定并分析芒果中SNP/In Del位点的特征。结果表明，‘凯特’和‘热农1号’分别获得32.77 Gb和36.83 Gb的数据量，每个样本过滤后的Q30均高于90%。将reads比对到芒果参考基因组上，两个品种共检测到1 213 112个SNP位点，62 888个In Del位点，主要分布在内含子区、外显子区、基因间区和基因上下游区域。SNP中转换位点和颠换位点分别为751 006个（61.91%）和462 106个（38.09%），其中转换型中A->G略多，而A->T在颠换型中占多数；In Del位点插入和缺失分别每个样本平均有18 769和25 015个。生物信息学分析表明，全部的SNP和In Del位点所在的差异基因，主要参与分子功能有代谢途径、应答刺激和生物学调控等过程。