赤红壤有效磷分级指标的研究

用盆栽试验方法得到玉米幼苗干物质相对积累量与赤红壤土壤有效磷含量的关系曲线可以用一元二次响应方程来拟合,土壤Olsen P含量的响应方程为:y=-0.4831x2+13.88x+2.664,决定系数为0.9555**;土壤Mehlich 3 P含量的响应方程为:y=-0.2621x2+9.4821x+18.891,决定系数为0.9400**。赤红壤区的土壤有效磷分级指标为:Olsen P,小于4.0 mg kg-1为"极低",4.0~6.8 mg kg-1为"低",6.8~10.5 mg kg-1为"中",大于10.5 mg kg-1为"高";Mehlich 3 P,小于3.6mg kg-1为"极低",3.6~7.5 mg kg-1为"低",7.5~12.0 mg kg-1为"中",大于12.0 mg kg-1为"高"。     

Fractionation of soil humic acids by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of concentrated urea

To separate soil humic acids (HAs) into their constituents and characterize them, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was carried out in the presence of 7 M urea using a preparative electrophoresis system. Two types of soil HAs were fractionated into nine fractions by PAGE. The dark-colored constituents were recovered from the electrophoretic fractions by precipitation on acidification, and the brown-colored constituents dissolved in the acidic solution of fast-moving fractions were recovered by adsorption onto DAX-8 resin. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) confirmed that the constituents of the HAs were separated based on their molecular size by PAGE. The dark-colored constituents exhibited higher degrees of humification than did the corresponding unfractionated HAs, except for the constituents remaining in the electrophoretic gels at the end of electrophoresis. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy revealed that the chemical properties of the dark-colored constituents changed regularly: the content of carboxyl groups decreased and the proportions of proteinous, aliphatic and polysaccharide moieties increased with increasing molecular size. The humification degrees of the constituents adsorbed onto DAX-8 resin were considerably lower than those of the corresponding unfractionated HAs. The chemical properties of the DAX-8-adsorbed constituents were different from those of the dark-colored constituents. Observation of electrophoretic fractions under blue light (470 nm) and HPSEC with fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 460 nm and an emission wavelength of 520 nm showed that green fluorescent substances were largely concentrated in the smallest molecular size fractions and were partitioned into both the dark-colored precipitates and DAX-8-adsorbed fractions. The proportion of organic carbon recovered by precipitation and adsorption onto DAX-8 resin was 45–63%, indicating that substantial parts of the HA constituents were missing. The unrecovered constituents were considered to be acid-soluble, nearly colorless substances. The dissociation of the acid-soluble constituents from the acid-insoluble dark-colored constituents during the preparative PAGE of soil HAs was ascribed to disruption of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions caused by concentrated urea.     

铰接式车辆静态转向阻力矩分析

从运动学观点建立铰接式车辆在静态转向情况下的力学模型，从动力学观点分析计算双桥驱动与单桥驱动的铰接车辆静态转向阻力矩及其特点，并用实验验证了理论分析的正确性。     

苹果品种抗寒性测定方法的研究

采用电导法、恢复生长法、组织褐变法及Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程法对部分苹果品种进行了测定。提 出了以电解质渗出率 ４０％相对应的温度为枝条组织的临界致死温度（Ｃ． Ｌ． Ｌ．Ｔ）;通过组织褐变法 求得褐变温度（Ｂｒｏｗｎｉｎｇ Ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ,Ｂ．Ｔ．）;应用Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程求出拐点温度,即半致死温度（ＬＴ_(５０)）; 通过恢复生长法观察了各种处理温度下的萌芽率。综合以上测定结果,以ＩＢＰＧＲ分类标准为基础 将参试品种分为５级,列出了供试品种抗寒力的相对强弱顺序,并对抗寒性作了综合评价。     

Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy and waxy whole-wheat flour blends

Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy whole-wheat flour (WWF) with partial- or full-waxy (PW- or FW-) WWF substitution were studied. The substitution levels were 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g/kg, respectively. FW-WWF reduced the peak viscosity and pasting temperature of WWF blends as its substitution level was increased due to its higher proportions of B-type starch granules and short amylopectin chains, while PW-WWF increased peak viscosity with the increasing substitution level because of its higher amylopectin content. As demonstrated by farinograph and rheometer measurements, FW-WWF interfered with gluten development because of the increased competition for water by arabinoxylans and amylopectin; however, PW-WWF enhanced dough strength due primarily to its increased protein content. Consequently, FW-WWF showed a detrimental effect on cooked noodle texture as the cooked noodle hardness was reduced by 50% at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. In contrast, PW-WWF enhanced noodle integrity and elasticity by increasing cooked noodle cohesiveness and resilience by 10.1% and 14.8%, respectively, at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. The results suggest that with waxy WWF substitution, the changes in starch composition, arabinoxylans, and protein content could modify the interactions among flour components and influence the quality characteristics of noodle products.     

公共管理学科硕士研究生专业认同研究——基于个体特征变量的探索调查

专业认同与研究生的成就动机、学习投入、生活满意度、职业发展等一系列学习、生活、工作成长过程要素息息相关,同时也会影响高校人才培养质量。以江西省三所高校310名公共管理学科硕士研究生为研究对象,基于个体特征变量:性别、年级、成绩、跨专业读研、学生助理工作经验、感兴趣的研究方向、毕业之后意向的调查,分析公共管理学科硕士研究生专业认同状况,探究影响专业认同的因素。结果表明,三所高校公共管理学科硕士研究生专业认同平均分值为3.57,总体水平不高,其各维度平均得分排序为专业情感(3.75)>专业认知(3.66)>专业行为(3.51)>专业适切(3.35);多元线性回归分析结果显示,性别、年级、是否跨专业读研、成绩排名等其他自变量对公共管理学科硕士生不具有显著影响,学生助理工作经验和感兴趣的研究方向对公共管理学科硕士生专业认同具有显著的影响。最后结合实际情况,对提高公共管理学科硕士研究生的专业认同提出建议。     

山西谷子品种主要农艺性状的相关和主成分分析

为了明确山西谷子品种主要农艺性状间的关系,采用相关分析和主成分分析方法对11个山西谷子品种的10个农艺性状进行分析。结果表明：农艺性状的变异范围为1.94%~13.39%,各农艺性状的变异程度由大到小依次为单穗重、穗粒重、产量、穗长、株高、千粒重、出苗期—抽穗期天数、抽穗期—成熟期天数、出谷率、生育期。抽穗期—成熟期天数、单穗重、穗粒重、千粒重、出谷率等5个性状指标与产量呈正相关,其中,抽穗期—成熟期天数与产量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),出苗期—抽穗期天数与抽穗期—成熟期天数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),出苗期—抽穗期天数与生育期呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。在所有的主成分分析中,主要集中在前3个主成分,其累积贡献率达75.20%。在对高产品种综合性状评价和选育过程中,穗粒重是提高产量的关键,但同时也应注重对其他性状的综合考虑,注重选择单穗重偏高、株高偏低、生育期、穗长和出谷率适中的材料。     

从学位论文的引文分析看水产养殖硕士的文献需求

以大连海洋大学水产养殖专业2001--2009年120篇硕士学位论文作为统计源,对学位论文引文的数量、语种、类型年代及该专业的文献半衰期进行了统计分析,探讨水产养殖专业硕士学位论文引文的规律,并对有关影响因素进行了初步探讨,对引文量最大的外文期刊进行排序并考察其在本校的收藏情况．从而掌握本校的期刊保障率．为馆藏期刊资源建设提供了参考依据。     

河北省县域农业绿色发展指标时空变化特征

为剖析河北省县域农业绿色发展的主要问题及限制因素,本文以河北省135个县(区)为研究对象,围绕社会、经济、生产力、资源和生态环境5个维度,选取了26项农业绿色发展指标,基于专家意见和统计资料,参照农业绿色发展程度将入选指标从高到低划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ级,并定量分析了1996年和2016年河北省县域尺度的农业绿色发展指标时空变化特征。结果表明, 20年间河北省农业生产条件不断改善,农业机械化水平与农田灌溉水平均有不同程度的提升;农业经济效益大幅增长,单位面积农业产值与人均可支配收入分别增长了1.96倍和3.05倍;农业生产能力持续提升,表现为单位面积热量产量及植物蛋白产量持续上升,氮素利用效率有所回升;资源投入持续增加,表现为氮、磷、农药及农膜的使用强度不断增加;环境风险仍处于较高水平。从空间变化来看,河北省东北部和南部地区社会发展、经济和农业生产的农业绿色发展程度呈提高趋势;而资源和生态环境指标绿色发展程度总体表现为下降趋势,呈现出西北部和东南部地区高的特征。5类指标绿色发展程度等级处于Ⅰ级水平的县域数量占比较高,呈现明显的空间差异。河北省农业绿色发展的主要瓶颈问题来自资源短缺、环境污染和生态破坏,造成以上问题的原因是资源投入过高、种养结构改变和农牧分离严重,下一步需要提高资源利用效率,保持产地环境的清洁和生态系统的稳定,快速推进河北省县域的农业绿色发展。     

澳门民间遛狗文化与城市遛狗公园建设匹配度研究

民间遛狗文化是澳门的民俗特色之一。如何科学合理地规划建设城市遛狗公园（遛狗区）以满足市民日益增长的生活需求已成为专业部门面临的重要挑战。通过对文献实证研究、遥感测绘和实地调研,梳理了近代以来澳门遛狗、赛狗的民俗文化活动特点,分析了澳门高密度城市环境中的民间遛狗文化与城市遛狗公园建设的供需匹配度,得出澳门半岛与离岛城市遛狗公园建设均有较大的匹配度失衡,针对性提出未来澳门城市遛狗公园建设的规划策略思路。