浙江 江西两省矿业权流转情况与思考

矿产资源是国家的重要资源,探矿权、采矿权为国家所有。“两权”的流转应体现公平、竞争的原则,防止国有资产流失。     

Genome Mining as an Alternative Way for Screening the Marine Organisms for Their Potential to Produce UV-Absorbing Mycosporine-like Amino Acid

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are small molecules with robust ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing capacities and a huge potential to be used as an environmentally friendly natural sunscreen. MAAs, temperature, and light-stable compounds demonstrate powerful photoprotective capacities and the ability to capture light in the UV-A and UV-B ranges without the production of damaging free radicals. The biotechnological uses of these secondary metabolites have been often limited by the small quantities restored from natural resources, variation in MAA expression profiles, and limited success in heterologous expression systems. Overcoming these obstacles requires a better understanding of MAA biosynthesis and its regulatory processes. MAAs are produced to a certain extent via a four-enzyme pathway, including genes encoding enzymes dehydroquinate synthase, enzyme O-methyltransferase, adenosine triphosphate grasp, and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase. However, there are substantial genetic discrepancies in the MAA genetic pathway in different species, suggesting further complexity of this pathway that is yet to be fully explored. In recent years, the application of genome-mining approaches allowed the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that resulted in the discovery of many new compounds from unconventional sources. This review explores the use of novel genomics tools for linking BGCs and secondary metabolites based on the available omics data, including MAAs, and evaluates the potential of using novel genome-mining tools to reveal a cryptic potential for new bioproduct screening approaches and unrevealing new MAA producers.     

构建基于ArcGIS的林业工程信息系统

从提高林业工程数据管理的效率、效果和效益出发,探讨构建基于ArcGIS的县级林业工程信息系统的方法和步骤,以期为建立多层级互联共享的林业工程信息系统储备基础数据和相关技术。     

基于数据包络分析的新疆农用地利用效益评价

本文应用数据包络分析(DEA)的理论与模型对新疆农用地利用效率进行了评价。根据DEA有效性值,从土地投入与产出两个方面分析了各地区的DEA有效性,呈现南疆最高、北疆次之、东疆最低的格局,以及非DEA的区域性差异;农业发展水平越高,DEA有效值越高,反之,DEA有效值越低,总体而言新疆农用地利用效益还有较大的增长空间。根据计算结果提出了提高农用地利用效率的建议。     

农业信息数据挖掘的粗糙集方法研究与实例

我国是个农业大国,农业数据量极大,手工处理工作量大且不准确.本文研究了将粗糙集理论运用于农业数据挖掘的计算机处理方法,提出了基于粗糙集理论的农业数据挖掘的基本算法和模型,并通过实例对其进行了验证.     

采煤沉陷区苦草的生物学特性及其竞争机制

采煤活动所致的动态沉陷湿地具有动态性、高潜水位和生态脆弱性等特点,探明此类人工重构湿地的水生植物群落的生物学特性及其竞争机制,有助于为采煤沉陷区湿地水生植物群落修复提供科学依据。本研究以淮南潘集区人工构建的苦草群落(Ass. Vallisneria natans)为例,采用样方调查法,研究苦草的生物学特性及其与其他水生植物的竞争机制。结果表明,1)沉陷区苦草的生物学特性与浅水湖泊较一致。主要表现在苦草的繁殖方式、传粉方式、生活史方面,但研究区苦草以有性繁殖为主。2)沉陷区苦草能与以种子萌发形成的水烛群丛(Ass. Typha angustifolia)共生,但生物量低;在与形成两年以上的水烛群丛竞争中处于劣势,在水烛群丛盖度达到90%时苦草逐渐消失。3)沉陷区苦草在与浮叶植物莕菜群丛(Ass. Nymphoides peltatum)、苹群丛(Ass. Marsilea quadrifolia)竞争中处于弱势,其盖度、株高、生物量等指标都明显下降。4)沉陷区苦草在与沉水植物竹叶眼子菜群丛(Ass. Potamogeton malaianus)竞争中处于劣势,苦草与沉水植物黑藻群丛(Ass. Hydrilla verticillata)、狐尾藻群丛(Ass. Myriophyllum verticillatum)、大茨藻群丛(Ass. Najas marina)、金鱼藻群丛(Ass. Ceratophyllum demersum)占据不同水层空间,种间竞争不强烈,能较好地共存。总之,苦草较之于相似生长型的植物具有较明显的竞争优势,对于具有不同生活型,尤其是挺水植物和浮叶植物,处于竞争劣势。     

受渍指数构建及其在长江中下游小麦渍害风险评估中的应用

渍害是长江中下游地区影响小麦生长发育的一种主要农业气象灾害,针对目前渍害评估方法中考虑致灾因子不全面和没有考虑作物耐渍性生育期差异等问题,该研究提出了以整个生长季受渍指数表征小麦受渍程度特征的量化模型。该模型综合考虑了土壤低氧对根系影响和不同生育期内小麦耐渍性差异,并将2016-2022年SMAP（soil moisture active passive）土壤表层含水率产品数据代入模型中计算长江中下游地区各栅格点（10 km×10 km）受渍指数值,通过分析受渍指数与小麦产量的关系,确定受渍指数 5.3 为是否受渍的阈值,从而得到长江中下游地区受渍率空间分布,并依据受渍率进行分区风险评估。结果表明：湖北省、安徽省、江苏省小麦发生渍害地区主要集中在长江沿线,即各省南部,主要以中风险区为主;湖南省、江西省小麦发生渍害高风险区主要集中在各省的中部,2省其他区域都为中风险区。长江中下游地区全域无渍害区面积占20.0%,低风险区占14.8%,中风险区占30.1%,高风险区占35.7%。研究可为作物渍害精细化风险评估提供可靠的方法与手段。     

An on-site computer system for comprehensive agricultural air quality research

Scientific studies using direct agricultural air quality (AAQ) measurement have experienced revolutionary changes since such a study was first reported in the early 1950s. Comprehensive AAQ research with multi-institutional or international collaboration, long-term monitoring, and multi-pollutant measurement has been conducted with greater frequency. On-site computer system (OSCS), consisting of data acquisition hardware, a personal computer, and custom-developed AAQ research software has become an important tool in these studies. The role of the OSCS has been expanded from exclusively data acquisition to a combination of data acquisition, control, regular and advanced data processing, and communication. This paper studied the general and specific requirements of OSCS in AAQ research and introduced a system with new methodology and technology for high level quality assurance and quality control (QAQC).Data acquisition in AAQ studies is needed for five main categories of instruments and sensors: pollutant concentrations, air exchange, weather conditions, building status, and measurement system status. Regular data processing consists of converting electrical signals to engineering units, averaging data over a given period of time, and performing data correction. Advanced data processing includes calculating location-shared analyzers and sensors (LSAS) data and instrument calibration data and generating daily reports in real-time or upon user requests. The primary control needs in AAQ research centers around the LSAS using multi-point air sampling system. Controls for sampling tubing heating and equipment cooling are often required. Computer communications to monitor system status, deliver alarms and data, and provide remote diagnosis and controls help to reduce operation costs and increase research quality and data completeness.An OSCS that offered flexibility, high capacity, user-friendliness, and high level QAQC was developed for field and laboratory AAQ research. A total of 29 OSCSs have been built and used in various AAQ studies in 13 states in USA for handling a total of more than 3.0 billion data points. The system adapted a set of data processing algorithms as well as some novel features, including All-data Display and Dynamic Run-time Configuration (DDRC), Digital Output DDRC, real-time sampling system monitoring and protection, Global Channel, traceable configuration, and post-measurement data processing. The system also integrated two stand-alone instruments, an Innova multi-gas analyzer and a 7-port Environics gas diluter, which are popular in AAQ research. The strengths, weaknesses, and future development of the system are also discussed.     

基于FLANN数据融合的木材含水率检测方法

针对木材含水率的检测精度受到多种环境因子(温度、平衡含水率、风速等)的影响,提出了一种基于函数联接型神经网络FLANN的数据融合方法以消除环境温度对木材含水率检测精度的扰动。FLANN能利用函数扩展替代多层感知器(MLP)的隐含层,将输入信号空间维度下的线性不可分类的问题,扩展至较高信号空间维度的超平面上,简化了MLP的架构。与MLP相比,FLANN具有结构简单、收敛速度快和计算量小的特点。仿真结果及实验验证表明:基于FLANN的数据融合方法,能有效消除环境因子的扰动,并可实现木材含水率的稳定、实时、高精度检测。     

土法炼锌的环境危害及废弃矿区环境评价

统计已有的研究数据,分析土法炼锌区环境中重金属的污染状况与环境危害,采用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法,综合评价土法炼锌历史较久的赫章县妈姑镇废弃矿区环境质量状况.结果显示,矿区大气、土壤和食物中重金属元素Pb、Zn、Cd的总含量均超标;土壤污染严重,不适合种植粮食类作物,已收获的食物不能安全食用;河水中Pb、Zn、Cd的浓度符合Ⅲ类水质要求,但底泥和悬浮物中重金属总含量很高,是潜在的污染源,对河水水质和水生生物的生存构成威胁;建议对矿区弃渣和受污染土壤进行治理,采用农家肥、磷肥与碱石灰混合施用的方法可行.