三斑圆雀鲷的形态结构研究

在活体解剖三斑圆雀鲷的基础上,系统描述了其外部形态特征和内部构造。三斑圆雀鲷鱼体侧扁,体被栉鳞;头小眼大,侧线不连续;背鳍、臀鳍、尾鳍基部具有鳞鞘;鱼体呈褐色到黑色,具有3个白点;背鳍硬棘12支,臀鳍具硬棘,尾鳍形;胃发达呈圆形;具有3根粗大的幽门盲囊;雌雄异体,生殖腺紧贴于膘的腹面。     

三斑海马的驯化与苗种培育研究

[目的]通过对三斑海马的驯化与苗种培育试验,丰富三斑海马的生物学基础资料。[方法]从海南本地收集三斑海马亲本,开展人工驯化和苗种培育,并探索其繁殖生物学行为。[结果]亲鱼驯化成活率达到85%,获得三斑海马初孵幼苗2.9万尾,培育1月龄鱼苗1.1万尾,海马最适开口饵料为"小球藻+轮虫+桡足类幼体"。三斑海马亲鱼抱卵量和孵化量存在个体差异,亲鱼抱卵量最少350粒/尾,最多1 020粒/尾,平均660粒/尾。亲鱼孵化量最少220尾,最多720尾,平均580尾。[结论]该研究结果可为海马的苗种繁育和人工养殖提供科学依据。     

Biochemical composition of the wild and cultured seahorses, Hippocampus kuda Bleeker and Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach

The biochemical composition of wild and cultured seahorses Hippocampus kuda Bleeker and Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach was analysed in this study. The crude protein contents (% dry weight) of wild seahorses were high: 72.7±2.5% in H. kuda and 78.5±4.2% in H. trimaculatus . The crude lipid contents (% dry weight) of wild and cultured seahorses (1.1±0.1 vs. 1.4±0.2 for H. kuda and 1.2±0.1 vs. 1.2±0.2 for H. trimaculatus ) were low and did not differ significantly ( F _3, 12=1.461, P =0.12). The essential amino acids and flavour-enhancing amino acids in wild seahorses were higher than those in cultured seahorses, although the essential amino acid index in wild and cultured H. kuda and H. trimaculatus were generally low. The total amino acid content decreased with growth in cultured H. trimaculatus ( F _3, 12=14.927, P <0.05). The poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in wild and cultured H. kuda and H. trimaculatus were 21.69%, 37.72%, 21.39% and 33.89% respectively. The fatty acid content in seahorses first decreased and then increased with growth both in wild and in cultured H. trimaculatus . The PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio was 1.31 in cultured H. kuda and 0.87 in cultured H. trimaculatus . The trace metal concentrations in the wild seahorses were relatively low. The results presented in this study provide biochemical information necessary for understanding the medicinal value of H. kuda and H. trimaculatus and for elucidating the potential dietary requirements for their culture.     

海南野生三斑石斑鱼染色体核型分析

以头肾组织为材料,采用植物血球凝集素（phytohemagglutinin,PHA）、秋水仙素溶液腹腔注射和空气干燥制片法,对海南野生三斑石斑鱼（Epinephelus trimaculatus）的染色体组型进行研究,结果表明,海南野生三斑石斑鱼具有48条染色体,其核型公式为2n=48,48t,臂数NF=48。未发现与性别相关的异型染色体。基于目前已研究过的23种石斑鱼核型进行统计,推测2n=48,48t,NF=48可能为石斑鱼属的基本原始核型。     

Empirical feed formulations for the marine ornamental fish,striped damsel,Dascyllus aruanus (Linné 1758) and their physical,chemical and nutritional evaluation

Formulated feeds containing a common ingredient mixture (CIM) consisting of fishmeal (anchovies), shrimp meal (Acetes), squid meal (Loligo) and soybean meal incorporated in ascending levels to obtain protein levels ranging from 180 to 560 g kg^?1(18.34%, 25.35%, 36.27%, 46.61% and 56.28%) and an energy level of 19 MJ kg^?1 were fed to the marine ornamental fish, striped damsel, Dascyllus aruanus <200 mg and 200–300 mg in size for periods of 35 and 63 days. The <200 mg fish accepted particles <0.5 mm in size and showed maximum growth in terms of absolute growth rate (AGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) with the feed containing 380 g kg^?1 CIM having a protein content of 362 g kg^?1. Second‐degree polynomial regression equations fitted confirmed these observations with a predicted requirement of 360 g kg^?1 protein. In fish weighing 200–300 mg, growth was not significantly different (P>0.05) in fish fed with feeds containing 380 and 580 g kg^?1 CIM with 360 and 470 g kg^?1 protein. With these data, the second‐degree polynomial regressions showed that a protein level of 464 g kg^?1 would result in an RGR of 107%. The feeds were well accepted by the damselfish, showing good colour retention and health.The cost of the feeds excluding processing costs ranges from US $ 1.35 to 3.36 kg^?1. This is the first report on the development of formulated feeds for damselfish that would help in rearing and aquarium keeping of damselfish worldwide.     

野生三斑石斑鱼肌肉营养成分与品质的评价

[目的]通过对三斑石斑鱼肌肉营养成分和品质的评价来评估其开发与利用价值,为培养优良的石斑鱼品种奠定基础。[方法]对6尾野生三斑石斑鱼肌肉中的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、氨基酸和脂肪酸进行分析,并对其营养品质进行了评价。[结果]野生三斑石斑鱼肌肉（鲜样）中水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的质量分数分别为77.97%、1.30%、20.07%和0.94%。肌肉中含有18种氨基酸,总量（质量分数,干样）为86.50%,其中8种必需氨基酸（EAA）总量为37.87%,占氨基酸总量的43.76%,其必需氨基酸的构成比例符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织（FAO/WHO）的标准。三斑石斑鱼的第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸,必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）为82.36,4种鲜味氨基酸（DAA）总量（质量分数,干样）为32.53%。脂肪酸中EPA与DHA质量分数分别为3.17%和4.85%,矿物质含量丰富。[结论]三斑石斑鱼具有较高的食用价值与保健作用。