Effect of indole-acetic acid (IAA) on the development of symptoms caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pythium ultimum</Emphasis> on tomato plants

The effect of indole-acetic acid (IAA) on the development of symptoms caused by Pythium ultimum on tomato plants was investigated using different bioassays. Application of IAA (5 μg ml⁻¹) on tomato seedlings inoculated with P. ultimum did not affect their emergence suggesting that IAA did not affect the severity of Pythium damping-off. However, IAA was shown to influence the development of P. ultimum symptoms on tomato plantlets. Low concentrations of IAA (0–0.1 μg ml⁻¹) within the rhizosphere of plantlets increased the severity of the symptoms caused by P. ultimum, while higher concentrations (10 μg ml⁻¹), applied either by drenching to the growing medium or by spraying on the shoot, reduced the symptoms caused by this pathogen. In addition, the study demonstrated that P. ultimum produces IAA in liquid culture amended with L-tryptophan, tryptamine or tryptophol (200 μg ml⁻¹) and in unamended culture.     

Gliocladium virens(GVP)菌粉对Rhizoctonia solani引起的杉苗立枯病的影响

在17种载体中玉米粉玉米芯粉载体最适宜于 GVP 的生长和产孢。在灭菌土盆栽试验和田间小区试验中,用这种载体制成的菌粉单独或与低量 PCNB(每千克±10mg)联合防治出苗前和出苗后的杉苗立枯病(Rhizoctonia solani)都是有效的,但后者优于前者。GVP 菌粉加到灭菌土壤中2周,它的群体数量增到10~8数量级,以后逐渐下降在10~5～10~6数量级之间波动;而 R.solani 的群体数量却急剧下降并保持在一个很低的水平。     

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Abstract

The effect of soaking on germination and occurrence of fungal infections on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seeds and germinants was studied in three commercial seed lots. Treatments in which seeds were soaked in water for 24 h or in which the water was changed during the soak did not have an effect on the species diversity or on the abundance of the fungi isolated from the seeds. Different fungi were found in different seed lots. Most of those isolated are saprophytic or weakly pathogenic, but pathogens such as Sirococcus conigenus (D.C.) P.F. Cannon &; Minter and Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link were also isolated. Soaking increased germination energy but had no effect on final germination percentage. The number of mouldy seeds and germinants with disease symptoms was different among seed lots when seeds were germinated on water agar. When germinated in low humified Sphagnum peat, no differences in the emergence of disease symptoms were observed among seed lots. The frequency of disease was lower in peat than in water agar. Soaking had no effect on disease emergence in germination trials on either water agar or in Sphagnum peat.     

辣椒疮痂病、黑霉病、软腐病、病毒病、猝倒病和白绢病的识别与防治

介绍了辣椒疮痂病、黑霉病、软腐病、病毒病、猝倒病和白绢病的危害症状、发病特点,指出防治这些病害应在种植抗病品种的基础上,加强栽培管理,提高植株抗病能力,采用以铲除菌源和药剂保护为重点的综合防治措施。     

森保1号防治苗木立枯病药效试验

药效试验证明，在保1号对苗木立枯病的防治效果显著或极显著高于多效唑、多菌灵和增产又，经森保1号处理后，有效控制了立枯病的发生，枯死率显著减少。最佳处理为浸种并喷苗．具体做法如下：在播种前3d，对经催芽处理的种子用700×10－6mg／ml的森保1号浸种4h后播种，待苗木出土3～5d时，用500×10－6mg／ml的森保1号喷苗1～2次。     

枯草芽孢杆菌PRS5抗生作用的初步研究

Bacillus subtilis PRS5产生的多种水溶性和挥发性抗生物质,对引起杉苗猝倒病的 Rhizoctonia solani 产生显著的抑制作用。其中水溶性抗生物质有较强的热稳定性,具有溶菌酶和多肽类抗生素的特性,其防病作用系抗生、溶解和促生作用的综合体现。     

拮抗菌C23对松苗猝倒病原菌的抑制效果及在松苗根际的定殖

洋葱伯克霍尔德菌C23是一株从湿地松根部分离到的拮抗细菌。在培养2 d后,其培养物对丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)和链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)均表现出明显抑制效果,但对镰刀菌(Fusarium sp)几乎没有抑制作用。在室内防病试验时,C23表现出一定的防病效果,但在室外,没有表现出防病效果。菌株C23可在湿地松根部定殖,但是在根部不同部位的分布并没有规律可循。在定殖过程中,C23菌株在松苗根部的菌量随着时间的增长而增加。接种后40 d,菌量达到峰值,而后数量逐渐减少。     

松苗猝倒病不同病原物的致病性差异及其生防细菌的筛选

从3个湿地松苗圃土壤中分离出了66株松苗猝倒病的致病真菌,63个菌株为镰孢属真菌,2个为链格孢菌,1个为丝核菌属真菌。对66个真菌菌株进行松苗猝倒病的致病性测定表明:12个真菌菌株为无致病性或弱致病性真菌,17个镰孢属菌株为强致病性真菌,其余37个为中等程度致病性真菌。从湿地松幼苗根系分离到了细菌菌株320株,平皿拮抗测定表明其中的10个菌株对松苗猝倒病病原真菌有强拮抗作用,对松苗猝倒病有较大的生防潜力。16SrDNA序列分析表明这10个生防菌株的分类地位分别是:7株为洋葱伯克霍尔德菌,2株为枯草芽孢杆菌,1株为待定种。     

湿地松猝倒病拮抗细菌的筛选与定殖

通过平板对峙培养,从320株分离于湿地松根部的拮抗细菌中筛选出27株对湿地松猝倒病病原菌有拮抗作用的菌株,再结合抑菌指数测定,进一步筛选出了抑菌作用最强的10株拮抗细菌.经16S rDNA分子测序方法鉴定,B4、C4、C23、C25、C28、C33、C41为洋葱伯克霍尔德菌,C3和C8为枯草芽孢杆菌,C27无法测定全部...     

Saprophytic growth of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG2-1 (ZG5) in soil amended with fresh green manures affects the severity of damping-off in canola

Plants of the Brassicaceae contain glucosinolates, the hydrolysis products of which inhibit the growth of many soil-borne fungi that cause plant disease. However, amending soil with green manures of these plants gives inconsistent control of several soil-borne diseases, including those caused by Rhizoctonia solani. To identify factors that contribute to this inconsistency we investigated, in the laboratory and in pot experiments in the glasshouse, the saprophytic behaviour of R. solani AG2-1 (ZG5) in a sandy soil amended with various green manures. Fresh material from either Brassica napus var. Karoo, B. napus B1, B. napus B2, B. nigra, Diplotaxis tenuifolia (a brassicaceous weed) and the non-Brassicaceae species, oat (Avena sativa) or lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) was used at 10 or 100 g of fresh material kg⁻¹ of dry soil in Lancelin sand. At 100 g kg⁻¹ the volatiles of all green manures reduced the hyphal growth of R. solani, except for B. napus B1. D. tenuifolia at 100 g kg⁻¹ inhibited the growth and sclerotial formation of R. solani. Most green manures at 10 g kg⁻¹, and at 40% water holding capacity, stimulated the growth of R. solani for up to 3 months and increased the activity of other microbes. R. solani infected the brassicaceous plants when growing and colonized the residues mixed with soil at 10 g kg⁻¹. This inoculum increased the severity of damping-off in canola, by 27%. Disease was particularly severe when the green manure species, except D. tenuifolia and oat, were grown in situ and residues returned to the pot from which they came, before sowing canola. There is a potential hazard in applying green manures of Brassica species as their residues can, under certain conditions, support the saprophytic activity of R. solani which increases damping-off in canola sown in the amended soils.