Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

数据仓库逻辑建模的初步探讨

针对逻辑建模在数据仓库构建过程中的重要性,介绍了数据仓库创建的基本步骤,并利用实例深入而详细地研究了逻辑模型的设计,分析了几种逻辑模型的特点及其使用场合。     

Effect of ABA,arginine and sucrose on protein content of date palm somatic embryos

Abscisic acid (ABA), arginine and sucrose were evaluated for their effects on the morphology, germination rates and protein content of date palm somatic embryos (SE). Different concentrations of these supplements in the culture medium were used. The comparative study of SE length and thickness between treated and untreated SE revealed no differences, except for ABA (20 μM), which increased thickness. A decrease of water content (WC) in favor of an increase in dry weight (DW) was observed in all treated SE, especially with sucrose (90 g l⁻¹) and ABA (20 μM). Only ABA (20 and 4 μM) caused a proliferation rate of the cultures higher than those in the control. Although all the tested compounds increased protein content, ABA (20 μM) was more effective in protein enrichment than arginine and sucrose treatments. The SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed a significant difference between treated and untreated SE. A protein band of 22 kDa, identified as glutelin in a previous work, was accumulated after treatment with 20 μM ABA or 3 mM arginine. These findings may contribute to further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of specific storage proteins in several plants.     

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

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Potatoes

°

After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

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Fresh tomatoes

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From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

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Processing tomatoes

°

From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.     

影响小麦赤霉病抗性的Lophopyrumelongatum染色体定位

禾谷镰刀菌 (FusariumgraminearumSchwabe)引起的小麦赤霉病穗腐是一种世界性病害。近几年 ,国际上许多研究者把赤霉病问题作为重点项目进行了研究 ,对赤霉病抗性遗传有了许多新的认识。本研究中 ,我们利用Lophopyrumelongatum染色体附加系为材料研究发现 ,Lophopyrumelongatum的赤霉病抗性在小麦背景中得到充分表达 ,其赤霉病抗性主要归功于 1Ee 染色体的作用 ,同时 3Ee,4Ee,6Ee 染色体可能有作用微弱的基因存在     

几个水稻同核异质雄性不育系育性遗传的比较研究

本文分别以花粉可育率和田间结实率为指标，采用保持系（ｐ１）×恢复系（ｐ２）杂交组合的六个群体及Ｐ１、Ｐ２、Ｆ１、Ｆ２、Ｂ１（Ｆ１×ｐ１）和Ｂ２（Ｆ１×ｐ２），分别与不育系测交的方法，对三个同核异质雄性不育系的育性遗传进行了分析和比较，其结果表明：（１）恢复系为古２２３时，以花粉可育率和田间结实率为指标，Ｄ汕Ａ、Ｇ汕Ａ和Ｗ汕Ａ三个不育系的雄性不育及其育性恢复均受两对独立主效基因的控制；（２）恢复系为ＩＲ２４时，以花粉可育率为指标，Ｄ汕Ａ和Ｗ汕Ａ雄性不育及其育性恢复均受三对主效基因的控制，其中一对独立，两对连锁，交换值为２５％；而Ｇ汕Ａ的雄性不育及其育性恢复仍受控于两对独立主效基因。以田间结实率为指标，该三个不育系的雄性不育及其育性恢复均受两对独立主效基因的控制。     

动态决策支持系统开发及其在油田生产中的应用

油田生产具有高投入、高产出、高风险的特点以及不可逆性,科学决策尤为重要。但已有的决策支持系统缺少信息综合应用、判断和自动决策的功能。针对以上问题,结合已有的决策支持系统以及油田实际生产情况,提出构建基于数据仓库的综合管理平台并引入专家系统的决策支持系统框架体系。综合管理平台集成现有的数据以及应用系统,通过XML进行动态数据交换,在此基础上构建数据仓库;专家系统通过推理机制为决策支持应用提供基于知识的专家意见。该系统在油田生产决策制定上起到了很好的辅助作用。     

黑麦抗条锈病基因对小麦高产品种绵阳11的直接转移

使用小麦高产品种绵阳 11的套袋自交纯系为受体 ,白粒黑麦自交系为供体 ,选育了高抗条锈病和中抗白粉病的小麦新品系 98- 10 5 4系列。研究证明它们的抗性来源于小麦 6B染色体和黑麦 6R染色体的易位 ,含有与Yr9和绵阳 11的抗条锈病基因不同的新基因 ,暂时命名为YrBL。同时指出所得的 6R易位系是研究易位效应和基因表达的优良材料 ,在小麦育种中有重要应用价值     

小麦穗粒数的染色体效应研究

选择穗粒数少的多少穗品系“10阿”为被测材料,“中国春”和“阿勃”两套单体系列为测验系,对穗粒数的染色体效应进行了研究。结果表明,被测材料穗粒数少系受6A、1B、4B、6B、2D,4D和4A或5A染色体上的不完全显性基因所控制。其中,1B和2D染色体上的基因表现为强效,其余染色体上的基因表现为弱效。据前人研究和本试验结果分析认为,被测系的1B、6B和4D染色体上可能具有控制穗粒数的新基因。     

Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A.Lve染色体对小麦小穗数的影响

以普通小麦中国春为遗传背景的中国春Ee 染色体二体附加系或二体代换系为材料 ,研究了Lophopyrume longatumEe 染色体对小麦小穗数的影响。发现Lophopyrumelongatum的 4Ee 染色体对增加小穗数有很强的效应 ,5Ee 染色体、1Ee 染色体对增加小穗数有较弱的效应