大豆斑疹病菌胞外纤维素酶编码基因的鉴定及其调控分析

植物病原黄单胞菌的胞外纤维素酶基因具有差异性和多样性。大豆斑疹病菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.glycines,Xag)具有胞外纤维素酶活性,但其编码基因和调控特性尚不明确。为了鉴定Xag的胞外纤维素酶编码基因,本研究从NEAU001菌株基因组内筛选出6个候选的纤维素酶编码基因。通过异源表达实验发现,engXCA和egl2基因分别编码的蛋白EngXCA和Egl2具有水解羧甲基纤维素的能力。酶活性测定实验表明,engXCA和egl2基因决定Xag的胞外纤维素酶活性。另外,对已知的10个毒性调控基因突变株进行胞外纤维素酶活性测定,揭示Xag胞外纤维素酶活性受DSF(diffusible signal factor)信号通路和全局性调控子Clp(Crp-like protein)正调控。荧光定量PCR结果进一步证实,RpfF和Clp参与正调控engXCA和egl2基因的mRNA水平。这些结果暗示,DSF信号通路可能通过Clp调控engXCA和egl2基因的表达,实现对Xag胞外纤维素酶活性的调控。     

Influence of the cultivar,environment and management on the grain yield and bread-making quality in winter wheat

The genotype, environment and their interaction play an important role in the grain yielding and grain quality attributes. The main aim of this study was to determine the contributions of the genotype, environment and their interaction to the variation in bread-making traits. The data that were used for the analyses performed in this study were obtained from 3 locations in Poland from post-registration multi-environment trials with winter wheat in 2009 and 2010. The experimental factors were the cultivar (7 cultivars) and the crop management level (low input and high input). In the multi-environment trials, 17 traits were investigated that characterize grain, flour and dough quality. Most of the traits were affected much more strongly by environmental factors (i.e., year and location) than by genotype. The variance components revealed an especially strong effect of the year on the baking score, loaf volume and water absorption, as well a strong effect of the location on dough development and protein content. The obtained results demonstrate that the grain quality as measured by the parameters based on the protein content and quality may be substantially improved by crop management practices, especially by N fertilization level.     

植物病原黄单胞菌DSF信号依赖的群体感应机制及调控网络

群体感应是微生物之间相互交流的一种重要联络方式,它协助细菌能感应群体密度从而调节基因表达。20世纪80年代以来,多种群体感应信号及其传导机制得以阐明。DSF（diffusible signal factor）是近年来在野油菜黄单胞菌中首先鉴定的1个新型群体感应信号,化学结构为顺式11?甲基?2?十二碳烯酸,其信号传导途径包括RpfC/RpfG双组分感应系统、二级信使环二鸟苷酸（c-di-GMP）、全局性转录因子Clp等。在野油菜黄单胞菌中,DSF群体感应信号调控3类生物学功能：一是促进致病相关基因的表达;二是抑制生物膜形成;三是促进黄单胞菌作出代谢调整,适应高群体密度环境。RpfF是DSF信号生物合成过程中的关键酶,黄单胞菌在高群体密度条件下通过一种新型自我诱导机制大量合成DSF。DSF信号不仅存在于所有黄单胞菌属细菌中,也广泛存在于苛养木杆菌、嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌、伯克氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌和许多海洋细菌中,其传导途径和生物学功能还有待进一步阐明。