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1.
Qi Haikun Wang Sai Xu Dongyong Lu Zhengying Zhao Wenchao Hao Yanjie Zhang Xiang Li Wei Han Huanyong Wang Jiangtao Wang Hongzhe Chen Hongzhang Wang Lin Du Mingwei Tian Xiaoli Li Zhaohu 《棉花学报》2013,32(5):425-437
[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm-2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm-2 or 270 g·hm-2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm-2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm-2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm-2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm-2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm-2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping. 相似文献
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DPC对棉花群体发育调控效应的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
研究了新疆特早熟棉区化学调控对棉花群体发育的影响。结果表明:在肥水适量的基础上,运用DPC对棉花群体进行系统地化学调控,能够有效合理的协调营养生长和生殖生长的关系,加快生殖器官干物质的积累进程,使群体叶面积的高峰期提前,并将叶面积指数(LAI)稳定在适宜范围,改善了冠层光照条件,使棉花成熟期提前,霜前花产量提高。 相似文献
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论述了20年来DPC化控在陕西棉田大面积应用和发展情况,据不完全统计:自1983—2001年DPC化控普及率由65%提高到90%以上,累计推广面积达112.7万hm2,平均增产12.1%。增产皮棉81626t,产值达8.16亿元,产投比达1:25~40。根据研究结果:指出DPC化控与CK相比,不论化控几次均能增产,以3次DPC化控为最好。第一次在棉花7~8叶期,7.5~12g/hm2;第二次在15~16叶期,22.5~37.5g/hm2;第三次在棉花打顶后10d,45~75g/hm2。通过DPC化控可塑造棉花理想株型,使株高由100cm左右降低到85cm左右,密度由4000株/hm2增加到9~9.7万株/hm2,提高棉株内围成铃率达9.1%,达到:促早熟、优质、高产的目的。并提出棉田DPC化控必须与传统栽培技术相结合在高产栽培体系的重要作用,推动了当地棉花高产栽培措施革新,取得了较大的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
5.
DPC与DTA-6复配对转基因抗虫棉苗期生长发育的调控 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
无论浸种还是叶面喷施,与单独使用DPC相比,DPC与DTA6复配在促进转基因抗虫棉幼苗根长和侧根原基增加的同时,显著减弱了DPC对地上部生长的延缓作用,中棉所30下胚轴长度较对照仅缩短3%左右,中棉所30、新棉99B和sGK321的苗期叶面积均相当于对照的93%~94%,这可能与复配调节剂处理后转基因抗虫棉幼苗各部位的IAA浓度较DPC单独处理明显提高有关。DPC与DTA6复配还可显著增加转基因抗虫棉苗期功能叶叶绿体的基粒类囊体垛叠程度,提高光合作用。 相似文献
6.
植物生长延缓剂DPC对棉铃内源激素水平和棉铃发育影响的研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
本文系统地研究了植物生长延缓剂 DPC 促进陆地棉品种棉铃发育的生理机理。结果表明:1.棉铃发育初期 DPC 提高了幼铃中细胞分裂素和脱落酸的含量。2.棉铃体积增大期 DPC 处理的棉铃具有较高的转化酶活性和较低的蔗糖水平,促进了同化产物的积累。3.DPC 处理提高了棉铃发育后期的乙烯释放量,促进了棉铃的成熟开裂,最终提高了铃 相似文献
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1982~1983年,在田间条件下,以中棉10号品种为材料,进行了黄淮海地区麦棉两熟制短季棉应用 DPC 诱导最佳部位成铃与优质栽培的研究,主要结果如下:(1)根据开花时间、开花部位、铃期、铃重等多因子相关的综合评价,确定了单株较佳的时空成铃结构,为定向诱导成铃提供了科学依据。(2)肯定了应用 DPC 化控措施对短季棉中棉10号早熟优质丰产的效果:可以促进提早开花结铃、增加前期成铃数;可以适当增加种植密度(每亩6000株提高到8000株),增加了群体最佳部位成铃的比重;皮棉单产可增加11%以上,并提高了霜前花百分率。(3)提出了在棉花优质栽培上应用 DPC 诱导最佳部位成铃的一般原理,以及适应于黄淮海棉区的化控技术指标参数和技术要点。 相似文献
8.
研究了3种高效复合液肥配合缩节安叶面喷施对高产棉田的生理效应和增产效果。结果表明,绿丰宝+缩节安的效果最好,能明显增强根系活力,提高主茎叶的叶绿素含量和光合速率,单株结铃数比对照提高33.89%,增产40.06%,比单喷缩节安提高21.35%,增产22.77%;高美施+缩节安的增产效果居第2位。 相似文献
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以玉米杂交种郑单958为材料,研究缩节安(DPC)拌种对玉米幼苗形态和抗旱性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,播种前以种子∶水∶缩节安∶羧甲基纤维素=20∶1∶0.05∶0.02(重量比)的比例拌种,能够显著增加玉米幼苗的根冠比,提高玉米幼苗根系活力。10%的PEG模拟干旱处理3d和盆栽控水7d后,DPC拌种的幼苗根系和叶片的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化物岐化酶(POD)的活性均高于对照,丙二醛(MDA)含量低于对照,根系和叶片脱落酸(ABA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)、赤霉素(GAs)含量也存在差异。因此,DPC拌种有助于培育壮苗,提高玉米苗期的抗旱性。 相似文献