Development of Chinese Near-isogenic Line of Rice and Their Differentiating Ability of Pathogenic Races of Blast Fungus

The rice( Oryza L. ) variety, Lijiangxintuanheigu(LTH), is a universally susceptible variety. A set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of rice which has single resistance gene for each line was developed by use of LTH as recurrent parent and Kusabue,Tsuyuake, K1, PiNo. 4, K60 and BL1, which are from Kiyosawa‘s differential varieties(KDV), as donor parents. Differentiating ability of these NILs to Philippine isolates was compared with that of their donor parents, KDV and IRRI‘ s NILs. The results of comparative studies were as follows: (1) Differentiating ability of Chinese NILs to Philippine isolates was much stronger than that of their donor parents and that of KDV. (2) Chinese NILs had similar ability to differentiate races to IRRI‘s NILs or higher differentiating ability than them. But IRRI‘s NILs almost had no differentiating ability to isolates from japonica rice-growing regions. They can not be used to differentiate races of isolates from japonica ricegrowing regions. Whereas, Chinese NILs can be used to differentiate races of isolates from both japonica ricegrowing regions and indica rice-growing regions. It was concluded that the set of Chinese NILs can be used as international differentials.     

Utilization of Aromatic Rice in Improving Grain Quality of Hybrid Rice

ThesuccessfuldevelopmentandcommercialuseofhybridricehasgreatlyraisedriceyieldlevelinChina .However ,ithasbeenagreatchallengeforbreederstoim provethegrainqualityofhybridricewithoutsacrificeofitsyield ,i.e .,todevelophybridricecombinationswithgoodgrainqualityaswellashighyield .AromaticricelikeBasmatiinIndiaandPakistanandJasmineinThailand ,isfamousforitshighqualityandu niquepleasantflavorofaroma ,soitishighlyfavoredbyriceconsumersaroundtheworld .Itmightbeaneffectiveapproachtoimprovethegrainqual…     

西瓜核型雄性不育两用系POD同工酶研究

用PAGE(聚丙烯酰胺凝胶)电泳技术,研究了西瓜核型雄性不育两用系不同器官的POD(过氧化物酶)同工酶酶谱差异。试验结果表明,不育株与可育株主要差异在雄花蕾,表现为不育株较可育株多2条活性强的酶带;其他器官差异小,仅表现为酶谱带强弱不同。并对POD同工酶与雄性不育性的相关性进行了研究。     

Inhibitory effects of LDL-ACM complex on subcutaneous implanted tumors in nude mice()

AIM: In order to evaluate the applicable value of LDL as a targeted vehicle for chemotherapeutic agents, we investigated and compared the inhibitory effects of LDL-ACM complex and free ACM on nude mice's subcutaneous implanted tumors derived from gastric cancer cell lines, SGC-7901 and NKM-45. METHODS: LDL-ACM complex was prepared and the tumor model of nude mice was established by subcutaneous implantation of SGC-7901 and NKM-45. Then, the groups of nude mice developed subcutaneous implanted tumors were received either LDL-ACM complex or free ACM. Subsequently, the tumor size, weight and leukemia cell counts were measured and the rates of tumor-inhibition and the survival were compared among the groups. RESULTS: The inhibitory effects of LDL-ACM complex on the tumors, especially on SGC-7901 implanted tumors were much more obvious than that of free ACM. It was also indicated that the action of LDL-ACM complex was mediated by LDL receptor. CONCLUSION: These results showed that LDL-ACM complex had significant inhibitory effects on the implanted tumors and the effect might be mediated by LDL receptor.     

黄瓜单体异附加系的筛选与观察

 将甜瓜属异源三倍体与栽培黄瓜‘北京截头’杂交，经胚胎拯救获得了两个2n=15 (14C+1H)的单体异附加系，编号分别为02—17和02—39。02一l7植株叶形为戟形，02—39为深陷的掌状形，并且果刺均为白色，不同于异源三倍体的掌状心脏形和黑刺，果形比异源三倍体黄瓜长而更接近普通黄瓜。细胞学研究发现，单体异附加系在终变期和中期I染色体构型主要是由7个二价体和1个单价体构成，出现三价体的频率为4％ ～5％ ，中期Ⅱ不均等分裂形成不同的两极，一极染色体为8条，另一极为7条。RAPD分析证明它们分刖附加了野生种Cucum／s hystrix的染色体。     

利用染色体片段置换系定位水稻粒型QTL

水稻粒型是衡量稻米外观品质的重要指标之一,鉴定和定位水稻粒型QTL对开展水稻粒型分子育种具有重要意义.本研究以8个染色体片段置换系为材料,选用分布水稻12条染色体上的153个SSR标记检测染色体片段置换系的置换片段,采用代换作图法对控制水稻粒型的3个主效QTL进行定位.结果表明:153个SSR标记中有104个标记在亲本间具有多态性,多态率为68.0%;8个染色体片段置换系在第3和第5染色体分别有6个和2个置换片段,置换片段长度分别为14.8 cM、16.6 cM、 15.5 cM、18.9 cM、29.1 cM、35.0 cM、17.9 cM 和17.0 cM,平均长度为20.6 cM;8个置换片段上共鉴定出3个粒型QTL,控制粒长的qGL-3-1 和qGL-3-2分别被界定在水稻第3染色体RM5551与RM6832及RM6832与RM3513之间,遗传距离分别为14.8 cM和5.3 cM的范围内,控制粒宽的qGW-5被界定在水稻第5染色体RM267与RM169之间遗传距离约11.7 cM的范围内.利用染色体片段置换系能准确地定位水稻粒型QTL,qGL-3-1、qGL-3-2和qGW-5的鉴定和初步定位为其进一步精细定位及分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础.     

利用DH群体进行白菜株高和开展度的QTL定位分析

应用AFLP、SRAP、RAPD、SSR及同工酶等标记构建的326个标记位点的白菜遗传图谱和81个DH株系群体,采用M apQTL 5软件对白菜的株高和开展度进行QTL定位。结果表明：通过2年试验,在10个连锁群上共检测到27个QTL,主要分布在R 5、R 10连锁群上：其中控制株高的有11个,控制开展度的有16个;获得2年稳定表达的控制株高的QTL 1个,控制开展度的QTL 3个;各QTL加性效应各不相等,其遗传贡献率为13.3%-29.2%;控制株高和控制开展度的QTL位点表现为紧密连锁或相似的位置,主要集中在R 5连锁群上。     

龙眼新品种(系)引种南宁的果实发育和品质变化规律比较

为研究龙眼新品种（系）在广西南宁市的果实发育和品质变化规律,以引进的‘福晚8号’‘晚香’‘宝石1号’3个龙眼新品种（系）及广西主栽品种‘石硖’和‘桂明1号’为试验材料,定期观测果实发育过程中的纵横径、单果重、可食率、果形指数、可溶性固形物（TSS）、维生素C、可溶性蛋白质、可滴定酸、可溶性糖等的变化规律,试验结果表明：5个龙眼品种（系）在果实成熟期,‘晚香’的单果重最大,其次是‘宝石1号’‘福晚8号’和‘桂明1号’,‘石硖’最小。果实成熟期‘福晚8号’的可食率最大,其次是‘晚香’和‘宝石1号’,均高于‘桂明1号’和‘石硖’。果实成熟期和TSS达到最大值的时间以‘石硖’最早,‘宝石1号’次之,然后是‘桂明1号’‘福晚8号’和‘晚香’的成熟期最迟。退糖速度以‘桂明1号’最慢,其次是‘福晚8号’‘晚香’和‘石硖’,‘宝石1号’退糖速度最快。‘福晚8号’和‘桂明1号’的维生素C含量在达到最大值时高于其他品种,其次是‘晚香’和‘宝石1号’,‘石硖’的较低。可滴定酸含量在果实发育前期以‘桂明1号’和‘福晚8号’的较高,其次是‘宝石1号’,‘石硖’和‘晚香’较低,果实发育后期以‘桂明1号’‘晚香’‘宝石1号’和‘福晚8号’较高,‘石硖’的最低。引进的‘福晚8号’和‘晚香’表现为晚熟、果大肉厚、果实品质较好,‘宝石1号’表现为早中熟、果大肉厚、果实品质较好,可以作为广西良好的中晚熟品种（系）引种材料,具有较好的推广应用价值,可丰富广西的龙眼品种结构。     

大麦赤霉病鉴定方法与抗性评价

为探讨以病小穗率与病穗率作为抗性评价指标的精确度,利用单花滴注、孢子液喷雾分别结合土表病麦粒接种的方法,评价了2个大麦重组自交系群体131个株系对赤霉病的抗侵染与抗扩展性。单花滴注接种后调查了第7、14和21天的病情性状,接种后第7天所有株系均感病,病小穗率最低的为1.59%,第21天最高病小穗率为58.91%;孢子液喷雾接种后第21天材料全部感病,其中6棱株系的感病程度高于2棱株系。以病小穗率和病穗率划分赤霉病抗性的分布情况,发现病小穗率更能有效区分株系的赤霉病抗性。相关分析显示,病小穗率、病穗率、禾谷镰刀菌烯醇含量与粒色和穗密度呈显著负相关,而与株高、抽穗期无显著相关。     

不同玉米自交系耐寒性评价及差异分析

在室内低温条件下,对44份玉米自交系进行发芽期性状鉴定,并通过隶属函数法进行耐寒性综合评价,根据评价结果对耐寒玉米自交系和寒敏感玉米自交系进行苗期生长和生理生化特性分析,探索不同玉米自交系耐寒性差异生理机理。结果表明,利用发芽期发芽率、胚芽长、胚根长、根数为隶属函数法综合评价指标筛选出了3份强耐寒玉米自交系,包括玉米自交系Va35-2、Va102、ND246,中等耐寒玉米自交系1份,耐寒玉米自交系2份,寒敏感自交系16份,高寒敏感自交系22份。另外,结果显示随着温度逐渐降低(25℃、15℃、10℃、6℃),不同玉米自交系的发芽率、胚芽长、胚根长和根数呈下降趋势,但下降幅度不同,强耐寒玉米自交系各项指标下降的速度较慢;但是,从15℃低温开始,高寒敏感自交系的各项发芽指标下降很快,甚至为0。根据耐寒性综合评价结果,分别选取高耐寒玉米自交系Va35-2、Va102、ND246和高寒敏感玉米自交系K22、B68和H105W进行苗期耐寒性差异分析。6℃低温胁迫处理0、2、4、6 d后,高耐寒自交系Va35-2、Va102、ND246和高敏感自交系K22、B68和H105W的生长和生理生化指标都有不同程度的变化,但是Va35-2、Va102和ND246各项指标变化幅度较小,而K22、B68和H105W的变化幅度较大,不同品种间差异显著。总体来看,随着低温胁迫时间的延长,生长指标(株高、根长、地上部鲜重、地上部干重、地下部鲜重和地下部干重)和生理生化指标(相对含水量、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和保护酶活性(SOD、POD、CAT))呈下降趋势,高耐寒玉米自交系下降幅度较小,而高寒敏感玉米自交系下降幅度较大。相对电导率和丙二醛含量呈上升趋势,耐寒玉米自交系上升幅度较小,而寒敏感玉米自交系上升幅度较大。苗期性状的相关性分析表明各项生长和生理指标之间联系紧密、互相影响,在低温胁迫条件下调节植物的生长。