果树自交不亲和性的遗传与生理机制及其研究

在简要介绍植物（包括果树）自交不亲和性与生理控制机制的基础上，着重对梨、苹果、杏等果树自交不亲和性的研究进行了综述，内容包括花柱内花粉管生长特点、花柱S糖蛋白的特性与作用机理以及果树自交不亲和的分子生物学研究，并提出了该领域有待研究的问题。     

茉莉酸对苹果气孔运动及抗旱性的影响

50、75、100、150 mg／L JA处理苹果叶片表皮，使开放气孔的气孔开度分别减小27．4％、37．5％、56．9％和63．8％，使关闭后的气孔在光下开放时气孔开度分别减小15％、18％、28．8％、52．5％、61．3％；处理植株后干旱胁迫，叶片相对电导率分别降低15％、18％、31％、58％，脯氨酸含量分别提高0．09％、0．40％、0．42％、0．54 ng／gFW，可溶性糖含量分别提高1．89％、2．53％、3．80％、5．06％。25 mg／L JA处理与对照均无显著差别。JA的作用表现出明显的浓度效应。     

苹果梨花芽孕育期生长锥细胞超微结构的观察

利用透射电镜对苹果梨花芽孕育期芽内生长锥细胞进行了观察，结果显示，在花芽孕育形成的过程中，生长锥细胞的超微结构发生了一系列变化：蛋白体和脂类小滴逐渐增加；核外膜向外延伸到胞质中与内质网相连，其上分布的核糖体增多；线粒体和内质网数目丰富且分布均匀；核糖体大量游散在胞质中；质体呈浅裂，中央缢缩；微管分布于靠近质膜处等。以上超微结构的变化表现出细胞旺盛分裂和分化的特点，反映了花芽孕育过程中的细胞学特征。     

PF455S插秧机及其侧离合器手柄的探讨和改善

PF455S插秧机的行走底盘与国产独轮驱动插秧机相比,水田机动性能和通过性较好,但也存在手柄安装夹紧不当等问题。介绍PF455S动力插秧机的系统组成、设计原理与主要参数,对发现的侧离器手柄问题进行改进,达到了设计目的。     

Anthelmintic Actions of the Cyclic Depsipeptide PF1022A and its Electrophysiological Effects on Muscle Cells of Ascaris suum

The cyclic depsipeptide PF1022A, given orally to mice, showed very good anthelmintic activity against Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Heterakis spumosa at 50 mg kg⁻¹. In vitro, PF1022A was very active against Trichinella spiralis and had good activity against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis at 1 μg ml⁻¹. An 18-membered enniatin analogue, JES 1798, showed good activity only against N. brasiliensis at 10 μg ml⁻¹. The optical antipode of PF1022A had poor activity even at 100 μg ml⁻¹. The effects of PF1022A on the membrane potential and input conductance of somatic muscle of Ascaris suum were examined using a two-microelectrode current-clamp technique. PF1022A did not antagonize the effects of the selective nicotinic agonist levamisole. PF1022A and an analogue, JES 1798, but not the PF1022A antipode, produced a small time-dependent increase in input conductance associated with no potential change. The increase in input conductance did not occur in the Cl⁻-free bathing solution, suggesting that the increase in input conductance was mediated by Cl⁻ ions. The addition of high concentrations of Ca²⁺ to the preparation after the addition of PF1022A did not lead to production of Ca²⁺-activated Cl⁻ channels, suggesting that its mode of action was not that of a Ca²⁺ ionophore. The mechanism by which the cyclic depsipeptide might increase the Cl⁻ conductance is discussed.     

Identification of Rosellinia species as producers of cyclodepsipeptide PF1022 A and resurrection of the genus Dematophora as inferred from polythetic taxonomy

Rosellinia (Xylariaceae) is a large, cosmopolitan genus comprising over 130 species that have been defined based mainly on the morphology of their sexual morphs. The genus comprises both lignicolous and saprotrophic species that are frequently isolated as endophytes from healthy host plants, and important plant pathogens. In order to evaluate the utility of molecular phylogeny and secondary metabolite profiling to achieve a better basis for their classification, a set of strains was selected for a multi-locus phylogeny inferred from a combination of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear rDNA, beta-tubulin (TUB2) and the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RPB2). Concurrently, various strains were surveyed for production of secondary metabolites. Metabolite profiling relied on methods with high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD/MS) as well as preparative isolation of the major components after re-fermentation followed by structure elucidation using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Two new and nine known isopimarane diterpenoids were identified during our mycochemical studies of two selected Dematophora strains and the metabolites were tested for biological activity. In addition, the nematicidal cyclodepsipeptide PF1022 A was purified and identified from a culture of Rosellinia corticium, which is the first time that this endophyte-derived drug precursor has been identified unambiguously from an ascospore-derived isolate of a Rosellinia species. While the results of this first HPLC profiling were largely inconclusive regarding the utility of secondary metabolites as genus-specific chemotaxonomic markers, the phylogeny clearly showed that species featuring a dematophora-like asexual morph were included in a well-defined clade, for which the genus Dematophora is resurrected. Dematophora now comprises all previously known important plant pathogens in the genus such as D. arcuata, D. bunodes, D. necatrix and D. pepo, while Rosellinia s. str. comprises those species that are known to have a geniculosporium-like or nodulisporium-like asexual morph, or where the asexual morph remains unknown. The extensive morphological studies of L.E. Petrini served as a basis to transfer several further species from Rosellinia to Dematophora, based on the morphology of their asexual morphs. However, most species of Rosellinia and allies still need to be recollected in fresh state, cultured, and studied for their morphology and their phylogenetic affinities before the infrageneric relationships can be clarified.     

基于SQL Server 2000的温室监控数据库系统的开发

将分布式温室控制系统监控数据库系统划分成参数采集库、参数设定库、经济成本库、作物生态数据库以及设备管理库，并采用SQL Server 2000构建和管理温室环境监控数据库系统，介绍了开发这一系统的具体步骤、方法以及OLE DB和ADO的数据库应用编程。     

PF预聚物处理固定木材压缩变形的机理

利用Ｘ射线衍射法测得ＰＦ预聚物处理材的晶区大小和相对结晶度,结果表明,ＰＦ预聚物的引入没有改变纤维素的结构,解析ＦＴＩＲ光谱图得知,经ＰＦ预聚物处理后的压密材酯化羰基（１７３６ｃｍ＾－１）峰强度增加,法纤维素异头碳（８９７ｃｍ＾－１）峰强度增加,纤维素、半纤维素醚键（１０５６ｃｍ＾－１）峰强度减少。说明半纤维素聚木糖经ＰＦ预聚物处理后发生改变木材细胞壁物质中的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素分子中的某些基团发生交联,形成了新的基团。从ＥＳＲ和ＥＳＣＡ测试结果可知,由于ＰＦ预聚物处理木材的机械自身基（Ｍｅｃｈａｎｏｒａｉｄｃａｌ）的浓度明显降低,可以推断出木材自由基与ＰＦ预聚物之间发生了化学作用,导致ＥＳＲ信号绝大部分丧失。ＥＳＣＡ能谱分析表明ＰＦ预聚物处理后的压密材,随着ＰＦ预聚物浓度的增加,ＣⅠ态含量逐渐减少,而ＣⅡ     

水稻品种光、温反应特性在杂种F_1的表现

本研究于1977年在雅安市本校农场,就五个光、温反应特性不同品种:DissiD52/37、矮脚南特、矮子占、71—56、IR_8作亲本,采用非限定半双列杂交获得10个杂种F_1,对其高温短日生育期、短日促进率(短日敏感性),高温促进率(感温性)进行了测定。结果(1)短的高温短日生育期在杂种F_1表现呈完全显性或超亲显性;(2)在适温条件下,短日促进率(短日敏感性)高的,在杂种F_1表现为完全显性或超亲显性。并观察到在适温以下低温条件,明显抑制了短日敏感性的表现;(3)在自然日照下,高温促进率低的特性,杂种F_1表现为完全显性,而在短日处理下结果恰相反,即高温促进率高的为完全显性或超亲显性。另外,讨论了水稻品种光、温特性之间的相互制约关系。     

森林经营方案实施效益计算机评价系统的研制与应用

本文论述“国营林场、采育场森林经营方案实施效益评价系统”的计算机程序设计思想以及程序实现的方法,介绍福建省来舟林业试验场及其森林经营方案概况,把各种量化的数据输入计算机,对该场森林经营方案实施效益进行了评价,并讨论分析了计算机输出的评价结果。