薹草属菱形果薹草组9种植物叶片的解剖学研究

利用石蜡切片法和叶表皮装片法对薹草属菱形果薹草组(Carexsect.Rhomboidales)9种植物进行叶片解剖结构特征观察。结果表明:9种植物的叶片解剖学特征总体上较一致,如横切面形状为"V"形或近"V"形,具气腔,中脉上方具泡状细胞,中脉维管束周围有不同程度的厚壁组织;上表皮细胞一般比下表皮细胞大;表皮下的叶肉细胞均出现不同程度的分化;叶表皮特征显示上、下表皮细胞均为长方形,垂周壁深波状弯曲,表现出近似种之间的相似性;表皮附属物为刺突状表皮毛;但不同种之间的叶解剖特征也有一定的区别,表现在泡状细胞层数、叶肉细胞分化层数和中脉维管束2端厚壁组织发达程度不同,气孔器在脉间成列或随机分布,气孔指数和气孔密度也有差异,可以作为区分种的依据。据此,本文提供了基于叶片解剖特征的9种植物分种检索表。     

海南莎草科植物资源新探

通过野外资源调查,结合现阶段生物多样性发展需求对海南莎草科植物进行系统性、科学性的整理。结果发现,海南现有莎草科植物为24属、157种、9亚种和4变种。调查新增三肋果莎属（Tricostularia Nees）;新增新种长柄薹草（Carex longipetiolata）;新增11个新分布记录种,分别是细秆湖瓜草（Lipocarpha tenera）、类头状花序藨草（Trichophorum subcapitatum）、复序飘拂草（Fimbristylis bisumbellat）、宽叶多脉莎草（Cyperus diffusus var. Latifolius）、密穗莎草（C. eragrostis）、水蜈蚣（Kyllinga polyphylla）、三肋果莎（Tricostularia undulate）、截鳞薹草（Carex truncatigluma）、广东薹草（C. adrienii）、密苞叶薹草（C. phyllocephala）、中华薹草（C. chinensis）;调查统计发现12个海南特有种,分别是海南割鸡芒（Hypolytrum hainanense）、少穗割鸡芒（H. paucistrobiliferum）、节茎藨草（Scirpus chunianus）、澄迈飘拂草（Fimbristylis chingmaiensis）、多花剑叶莎（Machaerina myriantha）、海南高秆莎草（Cyperus exaltatus var. Hainanensis）、海南砖子苗（Mariscus hainanensis）、单子砖子苗（M. Monospermus）、线茎薹草（Carex tsoi）、扁茎薹草（C. planiscapa）、东方薹草（C. tungfangensis）、岩生薹草（C. Saxicola）。     

班玛县气温和降雨量对禾本科、莎草科产草量的影响

选择典型的高寒草甸为研究对象,分析1995~2004年气温和降雨量变化对禾本科和莎草科产草量的影响。结果表明,禾本科产草量与气温呈线性函数关系变化,且相关性达到显著水平,禾本科产草量与降雨量的相关性不显著;莎草科产草量与气温的相关性不显著,莎草科产草量与降雨量呈线性函数关系变化,且相关性达到显著水平。     

小兴安岭莎草科植物资源调查

[目的]调查小兴安岭莎草科植物资源,为小兴安岭莎草科植物资源的保护和合理开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]采用野外调查和标本鉴定的方法,对该区莎草科植物属种的组成、分布区类型和区系特征进行研究。[结果]该区共有莎草科植物6属83种(含变种),且优势属明显,寡种属占总属数的50.00%。在属的分布类型上,以世界分布为主,且无中国特有属。[结论]小兴安岭莎草科植物组成丰富,区系地理成分多样。     

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in tropical sedges of southern India

Twenty-four species of sedges (representing six genera) from different vegetation types in Western Ghats, South India, were examined for vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) associations. All the sedges had VAM fungal infections with hyphae and vesicles, but arbuscules were observed only in 42% of the total species. The VAM fungal colonization varied considerably between species, ranging from 9 to 62%. Root colonization was positively and negatively correlated with root diameter and root hair length, respectively. The number of VAM fungal spores in the rhizosphere varied from 5 to 86 g^-1 soil. No significant relationship was found between spore numbers or root colonization and either soil pH or moisture. Four Glomus spp., one Acaulospora sp., one Sclerocystis spp., and one Gigaspora sp. were identified among the VAM fungal spores. The results reflect a high incidence of VAM in sedges occurring in Western Ghats and emphasize the need to assess the VAM status of plant species from different ecosystems to understand their mycorrhizal status.     

黑龙江产莎草科(Cyperaceae)一新记录种

在撰写《黑龙江植物志》(莎草科)过程中,发现莎草属(Cyperus)的白鳞莎草(Cyperus nipponicus Franch. et Sav.)为黑龙江省新记录种。其主要特征为:植株密集丛生。矮小,一般2—8 cm高。苞片叶状,明显长于花序。花序头状或球形,淡黄绿色,小穗扁平状,披针形或狭卵形,鳞片薄膜质。小坚果约为鳞片长的1/2。柱头2。本种喜生于湿地或江(湖)岸边沙地。     

秦岭植物新记录种——匿鳞苔草

报道了陕西秦岭苔草属Cyperaceae一新记录种——匿鳞苔草(Carex aphanolepis Franch.)。该种与秦岭地区日本苔草(Carex japonica Thunb.)相近,所以比较了两者的形态特征,并对该新记录种的形态特征进行了描述。     

Occurrence of stilbene oligomers in Cyperus rhizomes

Investigation of the chemical constituents of Rhizoma Cyperi (Cyperus rotundus Linneus) resulted in the isolation of novel enantiomeric and meso-stilbene trimers [i.e., (+)- and (−)-(E)-cyperusphenol A (1, 2 respectively) and (E)-mesocyperusphenol A (3)], a trimer bearing a novel hexacyclic ring system [cyperusphenol B (5)], as well as known stilbenoids (cyperusphenols C (4) and D (6), scirpusins A (7) and B (8), and piceid (9)) and luteolin. HPLC was used for the optical resolution of 1 and 2 as well as for the identification of cooccurrence of enantiomers of 7. The structures of the isolates were established by spectroscopic analyses, including a detailed NMR spectroscopic investigation. The isolates were evaluated in terms of their antiproliferative activity employing the Jurkat cell line (human T-cell leukemia cells), while the IC₅₀ potencies of a racemate of 1 and 2, 3, 5, and 6 were estimated as 27.4, 40.5, 26.4, and 26.3 μM, respectively. The suppression of cell growth by 6 was due to the induction of apoptosis, which was characterized by nuclear changes and PARP-1 cleavage determined by western blotting. We also evaluated the free radical scavenging activity of the isolates.     

Influence of Different Bryophyte Carpets on Vascular Plant Establishment Around Pools in Restored Peatlands

Vascular plants associated to natural peatland pools do not spontaneously colonize edges of man‐made pools in restored peatlands and have proven to be recalcitrant to the usual restoration techniques. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the species used as a seedbed (Cladopodiella fluitans, Sphagnum cuspidatum, or Sphagnum magellanicum) and its developmental stage (established carpet or newly reintroduced fragments) on establishment success in the field of the seeds of four vascular species: Carex limosa, Carex magellanica, Carex oligosperma, and Scheuchzeria palustris. The germination rate was measured after one season and growth after two seasons. Seedbed composition and developmental stage had no effect on Carex, whereas the germination of S. palustris was higher on S. cuspidatum. Growth of vascular plants was slightly improved on S. magellanicum carpets and was lower on seedbeds of C. fluitans. Our results lead us to recommend seeding at the same time as bryophyte fragments are spread and fostering introduction of Sphagnum mosses, preferably to C. fluitans, around artificial pool edges. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.