30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油对水稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果与技术

对30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油防治水稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)的田间效果进行了试验。结果表明:使用30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油防治水稻纵卷叶螟的杀虫效果均在71.7%以上,保叶效果高达83.8%。     

芜湖市5所公园地被植物应用状况分析

为进一步明确地被植物在城市公园中的景观应用,采用实地调研的方法,记录并分析安徽省芜湖市内的赭山公园、镜湖公园、九莲塘公园、滨江公园(一期)和雕塑公园的地被植物应用状况.结果显示,5所公园常用地被植物共有94种,其中草本41种、木本53种,麦冬等7种草本及洒金桃叶珊瑚等32种木本地被植物应用最多;各公园的滨水区域地被植物...     

旱区地膜与种植密度对棉花冠层光分布及产量的影响

棉花冠层光合有效辐射截获率(PARI)是影响干物质积累和产量形成的重要因素,然而对于不同覆膜方式下种植密度对棉花冠层光分布的影响尚未明确。在旱区一膜三行的机采种植模式下,设2种覆膜方式(有膜和无膜)与5种种植密度(D1:9×10⁴株/hm²,D2:13.5×10⁴株/hm²,D3:18×10⁴株/hm²,D4:22.5×10⁴株/hm²,D5:27×10⁴株/hm²),研究不同覆膜方式下种植密度对棉花冠层PARI的影响。结果表明,在全生育期,有膜处理下棉花冠层光合有效辐射(PAR)的截获能力较强;冠层PARI与种植密度呈显著正相关关系,不同种植密度之间PARI存在差异;叶面积指数(LAI)随生育进程推进呈单峰曲线。有膜处理下,不同种植密度LAI在第94～98天达到峰值;无膜处理下,不同种植密度LAI在第109～113天达到峰值;随着种植密度的增加干物质积累量减少,其生殖...     

不同覆盖处理对油茶细根生长与死亡的影响

目的 研究不同覆盖处理对油茶细根生长、死亡的影响,为油茶水分管理提供依据。 方法 采用微根管动态监测技术,以"长林4号"油茶林为试材,设置了黑地膜、油茶壳、花生秆+稻草、生态膜以及对照（无覆盖）5种处理,对林地0~40 cm土壤剖面的油茶细根进行了为期1年的观测。 结果 表明：花生秆+稻草处理和黑地膜处理显著增大了油茶活细根的总根长、总根尖数以及总表面积,其中以花生秆+稻草处理最优;但对活细根平均直径的促进作用却以黑地膜最为显著。4种覆盖处理死细根的总根长、总根尖数以及总表面积均大于对照;与对照处理相比,4种覆盖处理都有助于减小死细根的直径,且差异显著。油茶活细根的总根长、总根尖数以及总表面积在3月和6-7月出现峰值;而死细根的总根长、总根尖数以及总表面积在春季变化较平缓,而后缓慢上升。油茶细根的净生长速率呈先上升后下降趋势,在5-6月出现峰值。花生秆+稻草处理和黑地膜处理显著提高了油茶细根的年净（根长）生产力,其中花生秆+稻草处理作用最为明显。 结论 夏季为油茶细根生长和死亡的高峰期,花生秆+稻草处理对促进油茶活细根根量和年净（根长）生产力的作用最显著,黑地膜处理对促进油茶活细根直径的增大效果最明显。     

面向球果抓取的主动式三指手爪设计与试验

为解决球形果实快速、稳定抓取问题,设计了一种主动式三指手爪。该手爪指部机构末端安装有球状主动滚轮,主动滚轮外附着柔性膜以增加手爪柔顺性与摩擦力。每个指部机构具有2个自由度,可实现手指开合以及主动滚轮旋转。工作时3根手指相互配合,在摩擦力作用下球果向手爪内部运动,可在仅接触球果条件下实现球果快速、稳定抓取,无需精确控制手爪位置和姿态。为阐述抓取过程中主动式手爪与球果的交互关系,推导了主动式手爪-球果交互模型。选取番茄、苹果以及橙子为典型球形抓取对象,开展了3款手爪（主动式手爪、鳍状软爪以及平行刚爪）的抓取试验。抓取试验结果表明,所设计主动式手爪平均首次抓取成功率为96.7%,平均抓取无损率为98.3%,平均任务时间为5.9 s,在抓取成功率、抓取质量以及抓取效率3方面均有较好表现,验证了该主动式手爪的有效性。     

基于Solidworks的残膜捡拾滚筒3D设计及运动仿真

应用Solidworks软件对残膜捡拾滚筒进行3D设计和装配,并运用Comsos/Motion针对滚筒不同的转速、捡拾齿组数、入土深度等参数对滚筒进行了运动仿真,得出捡膜齿运动轨迹,初步寻找出了弧型捡膜齿满足要求的排列布置、滚筒转速和合理的入土深度等工作参数,为残膜回收机具的设计提供了理论依据。     

成分对温压成形Reed／Cu／PE复合材料性能的影响

为进一步改善基于农林剩余物的木基复合粉末的温压成形综合性能,开发新型复合材料,以芦苇秆粉末（Reed）为基材、紫铜粉末（Cu）为强韧化因子、聚乙烯（PE）为紫铜粉末分散助剂,运用响应面试验法、三维立体数码显微镜、扫描电镜和电子万能材料实验机等方法和手段研究PE及Cu对温压成形Reed/Cu/PE复合材料性能的影响,对试件材料的性能与结构进行表征。结果表明：Reed/Cu/PE复合材料的最优温压成形工艺条件为,PE和Cu质量分数分别为10％和17％;制备的Reed/Cu/PE复合材料的静曲强度、表观硬度（HV）、吸水率和吸水厚度膨胀率分别达到了49．26、9．267 MPa、3．32％和4．35％。     

弧型齿残膜捡拾滚筒捡膜的机理

对弧型齿残膜清理滚筒捡膜齿的轴向排列、滚筒转速、捡膜齿运动轨迹和各相关参数进行分析研究,初步找出弧型捡膜齿满足要求的排列布置、滚筒转速和合理的入土深度,确定了残膜回收机具的运动参数λ范围,为残膜清理滚筒的设计提供了理论依据。试验表明,所设计的残膜回收机具运动参数是合理的,在保证膜土分离效果好和较高残膜捡拾率的前提下可显著提高工作效率。     

The combined effects of cover crops and symbiotic microbes on phosphatase gene and organic phosphorus hydrolysis in subtropical orchard soils

P deficiency is a major obstacle for crop production in subtropical red soils in South China, and the hydrolysis of organic P (Po) is of great significance in these soils due to the immobilization of P by Fe and Al. Cover cropping in orchards and symbiotic microbial inoculation are considered to improve soil quality, including P status, however, their effects on the hydrolysis of Po is little known. In this study, five soil managements were established in a guava orchard in South China for two and a half years, including clean culture (CC), cover cropping with Paspalum natatu (PN), PN with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation (PNA), cover cropping with Stylosanthes guianensis (SG), SG with rhizobial inoculation (SGR). Soil chemical, biochemical and microbial properties were analyzed. Results indicate that soil pH and SOM content tended to increase following cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation. Po content was significantly elevated in PNA. Po fractionation revealed that cover cropping alone or with microbial inoculation significantly affected the contents of moderately labile Po (MLPo) and moderately resistant Po (FAPo). Enzyme assay indicated that cover cropping with microbial inoculation increased the activities of acidic phosphomonoesterase (ACP), neutral phosphomonoesterase (NP) and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP), with ALP the most sensitive, although ACP activity dominated in red soils. Correlation analysis suggested a significantly positive relationship between ALP activity and MLPo or FAPo. PCR-DGGE profile of the alp-harboring bacterial community showed that cover cropping with S. guianensis and mycorrhizal inoculation to P. natatu promoted the bacterial diversity and/or species richness. For almost all the measured parameters, PN and SG were comparable, however, PNA was superior to SGR, indicating the stronger additive effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus than that of rhizobia. Cat-PCA indicated that MLPo was the most influential factor on phosphomonoesterase. In general, this study suggests that, in subtropical orchards with red soil, cover cropping with microbial inoculation can improve the Po hydrolysis via the promoted alp-harboring bacterial community and then ALP activity. Our results also suggest that the combination of P. natatu and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is better than S. guianensis and rhizobia, which possesses practical significance for sustainable production in these orchards.     

The installation of underground pipelines: effects on soil properties

Since the 1970s a network of underground pipes, up to 1200 mm diameter, has been installed in the UK to transmit crude oil to refineries and gas from onshore terminals for distribution. Chosen routes are subject to significant constraints. Current techniques for pipe installation involve topsoil removal and storage. Trench depth is set to allow a cover of 1200 mm overburden after pipes have been installed. The heavy machinery involved results in severe compaction of exposed subsoil. Subsoil is loosened comprehensively and topsoil replaced. Existing field drains are reconnected, and, if necessary, new drains with gravel backfill installed. Pipe installation usually takes place between April and October. Preventative measures to limit compaction during installation are not a practical option. If subsequent arable crops or grass are poorer or drainage more defective than before disturbance, the loss is assessed and compensation paid. To determine the cause of the loss >60, investigations have been made throughout the UK. Soil physical properties were assessed in an open trench using visual and tactile methods. Consistently, severe compaction in the subsoil was identified as the cause of poor crop growth or drainage; it was not observed in the topsoil. Specific recommendations for remedial action were made based on location, depth and severity of the compaction. These included the installation of additional land drains, increasing the amount of gravel above the drains, or further subsoil loosening orientated to cross gravel backfill. After appropriate remedial action, net compensation for crop losses was frequently small or negligible.