九里香层析物的抑菌活性及成分分析

以石油醚为洗脱液，对九里香氯仿萃取物进行硅胶柱层析分离，得到27个组分。采用生长速率法测定九里香层析物对5种供试病原菌的抑制作用。结果表明，在质量浓度为0.5 g/L时，组分26对5种供试病原菌有较好的抑制活性，对香蕉炭疽菌的抑制率达到89.46%，对香蕉炭疽菌的EC50为0.078 6 g/L。GC-MS分析表明，组分26的主要成分是7-甲氧基-8-异戊烯基香豆素，占92.00%。     

HPLC quantification of coumarin in bastard balm (Melittis melissophyllum L., Lamiaceae)

Coumarin occurs in many plants used as flavoring and is known to possess hepatotoxic effects. Despite in the EFSA ‘Compendium of botanicals containing toxic substances’ coumarin is reported to be present in Melittis melissophyllum (bastard balm), a plant traditionally used as beverage in Italy and Serbia, to the best of our knowledge quantitative data has never been reported. Thus, the amount of coumarin in bastard balm leaves and its variation during the annual phenological cycle were determined. The subsp. melissophyllum resulted to contain high levels of coumarin (14,392 mg/kg), mainly in the early stages of the plant cycle, suggesting prudence in its use as beverage. Furthermore, coumarin was found to be useful as marker compound to differentiate the bastard balm subspecies occurring in Italy, since the subsp. albida contained a much lower content of this molecule (19–34 mg/kg).     

草木樨毒性的研究

本文报道了对香豆素和双香豆素测定方法的比较研究、河西地区草木樨栽培利用的调查及不同生长期植株中香豆素和双香豆素含量的分析、饲喂家畜的最佳利用期、家兔中毒的模拟试验、草木樨饲喂山羊绵羊手和猪的毒性试验、预防草木樨中毒等问题所进行的系列研究结果。研究结果表明,河西各地区不同生长期草木樨中香豆素和双香豆素含量有很大差异,结合草中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量的分析,推荐在开花期之前收割作饲料用最佳。家兔模拟试验,证明了香豆素和双香豆素对动物有毒害作用,家畜食入多量的香豆素后,其潜在性毒害不可忽视。双香豆素的致病作用为引起出血性素质。给羊喂100％的发霉草木樨和50％的鲜草木樨,经128天,未出现明显的临床症状,仅见有慢性病理变化。喂猪试验证明,日头均食入香豆素宜控制在25毫克/公斤体重以下,用草粉喂猪,其量限制在日粮的15—20％范围内较为合适。当比例增至35％时,可致慢性潜在性中毒,病理变化为肺水肿和慢性滤泡性胆囊炎。此为国内首先报道。1份草粉加普通水8份浸泡一昼夜,弃去水,消除香豆素和双香豆素毒物效果良好。     

草木樨籽实有毒成分及用作家禽饲料的研究

本试验主要利用呼市地区所产草木樨籽实为原料，选择不同的方法脱毒，筛选出焙炒法。０．２％ＮａＨＣＯ３法，Ｏ．６％乙酸法、浸泡法、发酵法、沸石粉法，进行肉鸡的饲喂试验，其中对照组日粮不含草木樨籽实，其它各处理组的５０％豆饼用相应的草木樨籽实取代，得出结论为：用焙炒法处理后的草木樨籽实用于喂鸡，采食量日增重不受影响，且鸡体不受毒素侵害，用发酵法、ＮａＨＣＯ３法、浸泡法、乙酸法处理的草木樨籽实喂鸡，采食量、日增重不受明显影响，鸡体受到轻微毒害；用未经处理和沸石粉处理的草木樨籽实喂鸡，鸡体受到较严重侵害，同时采食量、日增重下降。     

6种香豆素类物质对4种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

香豆素类物质在自然界中广泛存且具有很强的杂草防除潜力,本试验利用培养皿生物检测法,以多花黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、白三叶(Trifolium repens L.)和马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)为受体材料,研究了6种香豆素类物质水溶液对植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,7-羟基香豆素、6-甲基香豆素、4-羟基香豆素、简单香豆素对黑麦草、狗尾草、白三叶种子的萌发有很强的抑制作用(P<0.05);7-羟基香豆素、4-羟基香豆素处理的狗尾草和马齿苋根长显著降低(P<0.05);6-甲基香豆素与简单香豆素处理显著降低了狗尾草与马齿苋的鲜重与干重(P<0.05)。因此,结合香豆素类化合物功能结构与合成水平,推测简单香豆素、6-甲基香豆素、7-羟基香豆素、4-羟基香豆素具有较大潜力开发,可作为除草剂或除草剂中间体。     

A new antifungal coumarin from Clausena excavata

A new γ-lactone coumarin, named as excavarin-A, showing antifungal activity was isolated from the leaves of Clausena excavata by bioassay guided fractionation method. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and identified as 7((2E)-4(4,5-dihydro-3-methylene-2-oxo-5-furanyl)-3-methylbut-2-enyloxy) coumarin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against fifteen fungal strains pathogenic against plants and human. The least MIC was recorded against the human pathogen, Candida tropicalis and the plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Antifungal activities against the human pathogens, Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucor circinelloides and plant pathogens, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizopus stolonifer were stronger than that of the standard antimicrobials.     

瑞香狼毒根的毒鱼活性成分研究

将瑞香狼毒根粉末依次用乙酸乙酯、乙醇、甲醇进行提取,结合生物示踪对毒鱼活性最强的乙醇部分进一步细分,通过反复的硅胶柱层析和葡聚糖凝胶柱(sephadexLH-20),最终得到3种纯化合物,其中一种具有较强的毒鱼活性,通过化学定性鉴定和简单的光谱学鉴定,初步确定此3种化合物均为香豆素类。     

A new coumarin glycoside from the husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolia

From the husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolia, a new coumarin glycoside, isofraxetin-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), was isolated. The structure was established on the basis of spectroscopic methods.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法测定香精香料中的香豆素和黄樟素

[目的]准确快速地测定香精香料中的香豆素和黄樟素。[方法]以60%乙醇水溶液为溶剂,样品经振荡萃取后,提取液经0.22μm滤膜过滤,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定香豆素和黄樟素。[结果]该方法回收率的结果在95.0%~99.4%,日内、日间测定结果的变异系数分别小于6%和8%,香豆素和黄樟素的定量限分别为77.0和68.1μg/kg。[结论]该方法可有效去除杂质干扰,分析时间短,具有高灵敏度、高精密度、高准确度等优点,适用于香精香料中的香豆素和黄樟素的测定。     

香豆素的结构生物合成及其功能分析

论述了植物香豆素类化合物的部分生物合成途径,特别是部分香豆素合成中所需的关键酶和香豆素类化合物的提取分离方法、生物学功能,以期为香豆素类化合物的开发与利用提供一定理论依据。