外源脱落酸和冠菌素对小麦籽粒萌芽的影响

[目的]通过研究外源脱落酸(ABA)和冠菌素(COR)对小麦籽粒萌芽的影响,探索COR用于防治小麦收获期穗发芽的可行性。[方法]以易穗发芽的白皮小麦品种济麦22和抗穗发芽的红皮小麦品种扬麦16为材料,以不同浓度ABA和COR处理两品种小麦籽粒后进行萌芽,测定萌芽率、芽长以及萌芽过程中的α-淀粉酶活性。[结果]38μmol/L以上浓度的ABA处理和0.05μmol/L以上浓度的COR处理均对两品种籽粒的萌发及芽的生长表现出显著的抑制作用,且COR抑制小麦种子萌发的生物活性约为ABA的200～1 500倍;浓度高于76μmol/L的ABA和0.05μmol/L的COR对两品种小麦籽粒萌发过程中的α-淀粉酶活性有抑制作用,且浓度越高抑制程度越大。[结论]ABA和COR可能通过抑制α-淀粉酶活性来抑制小麦籽粒的萌发和芽的生长;同浓度同一抑制剂处理下,白皮的济麦22萌芽及α-淀粉酶活性受抑制的程度显著高于扬麦16。该研究为COR用作控制大田小麦收获期穗发芽的可行性提供理论依据。     

冠菌素诱导冬小麦幼苗抗旱性的初步研究

为研究不同冠菌素浓度对冬小麦抗旱性的诱导效应,以两个冬小麦品种为材料,研究了不同浓度冠菌素对20%PEG-6000模拟干旱条件下幼苗生长及其抗旱性指标的影响.结果表明,无论是抗旱性品种长武134还是水分敏感型品种陕253均表现相同的趋势,即:0.01 μmol·L-1和0.1 μmol·L-1的冠菌素预处理有利于幼苗叶片维持相对含水量,提高可溶性糖、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量;对增加幼苗干重和根系长度、提高根冠比、扩大根表面积、特剐是提高根系活力有显著效应.由此说明,冠菌素能诱导小麦幼苗提高抗旱能力.     

大孔吸附树脂对冠毒素的吸附工艺研究

从5种不同类型大孔吸附树脂中筛选出HZ-818树脂对发酵液中冠毒素进行静态、动态吸附性试验,考察不同条件下对发酵液中冠毒素吸附、解吸的影响。结果表明:在静态试验中,吸附4 h后达到平衡,最高吸附量为27.06 mg/g,COR在20℃、发酵液pH为5时吸附率最高,吸附曲线符合Langmuir曲线,采用1%氨水∶60%乙醇=1∶2的混合洗脱剂,回收率可达85.8%;在动态试验中,室温及调整发酵液pH为5时,上柱流速为4.5BV/h时,绝大部分COR能被树脂吸附,动态贯穿吸附量为30.87 mg/mL湿树脂,吸附率为91.63%;正交最佳吸附条件为:20℃,上柱pH 5,上柱流速为3 BV/h时,冠毒素吸附量最佳,吸附率为93.14%;随后用洗脱剂通过树脂,洗脱流速为4.5BV/h,其回收率可达86.62%。     

冠菌素对旱稻和水稻种子萌发的生理效应

以旱稻297和水稻越富种子为材料,用冠菌素浸种处理,研究冠菌素对旱稻和水稻种子萌发及幼芽某些生理特征的影响。结果表明,冠菌素对旱稻和水稻种子萌发及幼芽生长具有双重性效应,低浓度的冠菌素(10-8mol/L)可促进旱稻种子萌发和初生根及芽的生长,提高幼芽含水量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,而高浓度的冠菌素(≥10-5mol/L)则明显抑制二者种子的萌发及幼芽的生长,旱稻和水稻对一定浓度冠菌素处理的反应效果有差异;冠菌素促进或抑制种子萌发可能与α-淀粉酶活性有关。     

冠毒素和茉莉酸甲酯对诱导小麦、黑麦和高羊茅草颖花开放的效应

 茉莉酸类化合物（ＪＡｓ）是一类新型植物激素，在植物中广泛存在。ＪＡｓ是重要的信号传递物质，在对环境各种胁迫的反应中可调节植物防卫基因的表达。最近曾晓春和周燮发现ＪＡｓ中的重要一员茉莉酸甲酯（ＭｅＪＡ）可诱导水稻颖花的开放。冠毒素是植物病原菌假单胞菌产生的一种致病毒素，国外的许多研究证实它是ＪＡｓ的环戊烷结构类似物，在一些方面可以模拟ＪＡｓ的功能。通过对ＭｅＪＡ和冠毒素是否具有诱导小麦和其它植物颖花开放的作用，诱导效果如何等的探讨结果表明，４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＭｅＪＡ和１．１～４．４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的冠毒素对小麦的颖花开放有明显的诱导效果，ＭｅＪＡ和冠毒素对颖花开放的诱导作用在植物品种之间有明显的差异。     

低温胁迫下冠菌素对玉米幼苗生理特性的调控

以玉米自交系Kr701为试验材料,叶面喷施5个不同浓度的冠菌素(COR),对照为清水,于4℃低温胁迫下培养48 h后取材,研究冠菌素(COR)对低温胁迫下玉米幼苗株高、干鲜重、相对电导率、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、相对含水量、SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、POD(过氧化物酶)、APX(抗坏血酸过氧化物酶)生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,低温会抑制玉米幼苗的正常生长,各个浓度的COR处理均能促进幼苗的生长,缓解叶片相对含水量的降低和电解质的外渗,增加渗透调节物质的含量和抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、APX)的活性,增强活性氧清除能力,以0.01μmol/L处理效果最显著。喷施适宜浓度的COR能通过调控玉米幼苗各个生理生化指标来增强其抗冷性,从而缓解低温对幼苗所造成的伤害。     

冠菌素对小麦几个抗寒生理指标的影响

为了研究冠菌素提高小麦抗寒性的效果和机理,用1μmol／L浓度的冠菌素对生长在20℃和4℃条件下的冬小麦和春小麦分别进行处理后,测定和分析了小麦相对生长速率、根冠比、叶绿素、可溶性糖和谷胱甘肽等一些与抗寒相关的生理指标的变化。结果表明,冠菌素在低温条件下可以使小麦根冠比和叶绿素含量增加,促进糖和谷胱甘肽的积累,降低膜透性,从而增强小麦的抗寒能力。     

Effects of Coronatine on Growth,Gas Exchange Traits,Chlorophyll Content,Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings under Simulated Drought Stress

Abstract

Coronatine is a phytotoxin that affects the accumulation of defence-related metabolites in plants but information on how its effects may be mediated by environmental stress is scanty. An experiment was carried out to determine the changes in growth, gas exchange, relative water content, chlorophyll (Chl) content, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in maize (Zea mays L., var. ‘Nongda 3138’) seedlings treated with coronatine under simulated drought stress. Seedlings raised hydroponically in a growth chamber with simulated drought for 8d (long-period drought) or 3d (short-period drought) were treated with or without coronatine at the three-leaf stage. Under the drought condition, treated with coronatine significantly increased the fresh weight and relative water content in leaves of seedling leaves. The increase was accompanied by increased rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, and the maintenance of Chl pigments. Coronatine had no effects on catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and glutathione reductase (GR) under normal condition, but it significantly enhanced activities of CAT, POD and GR in stressed seedlings under the long-period drought treatment. Under the short-period drought treatment, the POD and GR activity in the seedlings treated with coronatine were much higher than in those not treated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) increased sharply under drought condition, but treatment with coronatine significantly reduced it by 15%. The total Chl content of leaves under the drought condition was markedly increased by the treatment with coronatine. Seedlings subjected to a short-period drought had reduced water content, but recovered fairly well by the treatment with coronatine with negligible effects on most physiological and biochemical processes. The application of coronatine alleviated the drought stress in maize seedlings and enhanced their tolerance of water stress through changes in physiological and anti-oxidant enzyme activities.     

叶面喷施冠菌素对香蕉幼苗耐寒性的影响

以生长一致、有6片展开叶的威廉斯香蕉幼苗为试验材料,研究0（CK）、1、5、10μmol/L4个浓度的冠菌素喷洒香蕉幼苗后对香蕉幼苗耐寒性的影响。结果表明,1～10μmol/L浓度范围的冠箘素对提高香蕉幼苗抗寒性的效果不明显,并且呈浓度越高反而效果越差的趋势。只有1μmol/L的冠箘素对提高香蕉幼苗的SOD总活性、可溶性糖含量和叶绿素含量,以及降低相对电导率和丙二醛含量具有一定的作用,其中对提高可溶性糖含量的效果最明显,但是没有提高POD活性的效应。     

Coronatine Induces an Accumulation of Anthocyanin and Starch in Purple-fleshed Sweetpotato （ Ipomoea batatas Lam.）

[Objective] The objective of this research was to examine the effects of COR on anthocyanin and starch content in storage roots of two PFS genotypes, and to explore the relationships between anthocyanin synthesis and starch accumula- tion. [Method] A field experiment was carried out to determine the changes in yielc components, yield, contents of anthocyanin and starch, activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase （PAL） and adenosine 5-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase （AG- Pase） in two genotypes of PFS （Ipomoea batatas L., var. ＇Ayamurasaki＇ and ＇Jishu18＇）. [Result] The application of COR significantly increased starch and antho- cyanin content in storage roots of Jishu18 across developmental stages by inducing the activities of PAL and AGPase, and finally enhanced yield by promoting fresh weight of storage roots. Ayamurasaki was insensitive to treatment with COR al- though its PAL activity temporally increased. The starch and anthocyanin content of Aya, and the anthocyanin content of Jishu18 increased progressively across devel- opmental stages with or without COR application, but the starch content of Jishu18 increased initially, then decreased before increasing again without application of COR. Treatment with COR reduced downward trend of starch accumulation in Jishu18. Thus, the effect of COR on accumulation of anthocyanin and starch in storage roots of PFS differs according to genotypes. [Conclusion] The application of 0.05 μmol/L COR may increase starch and anthocyanin content in PFS genotypes with lower starch and anthocyanin content in storage roots.