Fusarium solani Upregulated Sesquiterpene Synthase Expression,Sesquiterpene Production and Allelopathic Activity in Piper betle L.

Activators of sesquiterpene synthase (STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelopathic activity of untreated and Fusarium solani-treated betel extracts was tested on seed germination and on the shoot and root growth of Thai rice variety PSL2 (Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2) and three dominant paddy weeds (Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chloris barbata). The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control, and that betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice. The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth, and they were found to be dose-dependent. It is also noted that F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract. The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata, germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract. With regards to rice, although betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination, it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds. The obtained data suggested that F. solani has potential as an activator of sesquiterpene allelochemical production via STS expression, the latter leading to the treated betel extract having a stronger phytotoxic effect. These results were beneficial in the promotion of natural herbicide production using biotechnology.     

保护网络作品著作权的若干法律问题

网络正在我国飞速发展,侵害网络作品著作权的行为也时常出现.加强网络经营管理,加大对网络作品著作权的保护力度,刻不容缓.     

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Drought Tolerant and Susceptible Rice Genotypes Using Microsatellite Markers

The introgression of wild chromosomal segments into popular rice varieties is one of the potential approaches for developing varieties for drought stress condition. Sixteen genotypes, including nine indica, two tropical japonica and five chromosome segments substitution lines(CSSLs) with different levels of tolerance/susceptibility to drought stress, were selected for diversity study. Sixty-three microsatellite markers were utilized for assessing genetic diversity. A total of 95 alleles were amplified, and out of them, 60 were polymorphic. Six unique alleles, amplified by the microsatellite loci RM276, RM472,RM488, RM537, RM541 and RM28089, were identified in six genotypes, namely FR13A, Brahamanakhi,RUF44, Swarna-sub1, Brahamanakhi and Satyabhama. The highest genetic similarity was found among CSSLs. Polymorphism information content(PIC) value varied from 0 to 1.00 with an average of 0.66 per locus. Twenty-eight microsatellites were found to be polymorphic, which could be used in marker-assisted selection programme. All the sixteen genotypes were grouped into two major clusters at genetic similarity of 0.64. In the cluster I, five CSSLs identified as diverse genotypes had wild ancestor segments responsible for drought tolerance, and hence they could be utilized as potential donors. The popular Indian varieties, Swarna-sub1 and IR64-sub1, could be used as recurrent parents in the future breeding program for developing varieties for abiotic stresses such as submergence and drought.     

数字出版时代版权保护面临的问题与挑战

随着信息技术和互联网的飞速发展,数字出版已迅速成为最具活力的朝阳产业之一。目前,中国的数字出版产业已初具规模,与数字出版相关的法规、条例也在不断完善。然而,数字出版物的版权保护仍旧面临十分严峻的问题和挑战,加强版权保护对于数字出版产业的健康发展至关重要。在此对数字出版与数字版权保护的概念、问题进行了梳理和归纳,并对数字版权保护工作的发展提出了对策与建议。     

知识共享(CC)与数字图书馆的合作

版权问题一直制约着数字图书馆的发展,知识共享许可协议的使用可以帮助数字图书馆平衡版权保护和知识传播之间的关系.本文就知识共享(CC)与数字图书馆的合作进行了探讨.     

图书馆文献传递工作中版权问题的思考

 

在分析文献传递版权风险的基础上，介绍了国际图联和国际上一些主要国家在该问题上的立法及解决模式，并对我国解决文献传递版权问题提出了建议。

     

欧盟版权指令对数字保存的影响

版权制度是影响开展数字保存活动的一个重要因素。讨论了欧盟版权指令中复制权、公开传播提供权、例外与限制、技术保护措施等4个方面的规定对数字保存活动的影响。     

数字图书馆建设与知识产权保护

 

在概述数字图书馆的主体性质和知识产权的宗旨的基础上，探讨了数字图书馆在文献数字化、数据库建设和提供网络服务过程中涉及到的知识产权问题，以及数字图书馆自身的域名、网页和自建数据库的保护问题；并针对我国数字图书馆建设过程中的知识产权保护问题提出建议。

     

Identification of Stable Quantitative Trait Loci for Sheath Blight Resistance Using Recombinant Inbred Line

To identify stable quantitative trait loci(QTLs) responsible for sheath blight resistance, a recombinant inbred line mapping population consisting of 219 lines was developed by crossing Lemont and Yangdao 4. Average disease rating, average lesion length, maximum disease rating and maximum lesion length were assayed in six different environments. A total of 128 minor effect QTLs were detected by multiple interval mapping. These QTLs explained less than 11.2% of the phenotypic variations individually, and 106 QTLs were clustered in 20 QTL-rich regions/putative loci. Significant QTL × environment interactions were detected at three putative loci(q SBR11.1, q SBR11.2 and q SBR11.3), indicating that these three loci were not stable. The other 17 stable loci(qSBR1.1, qS BR1.2, qS BR2.1, qS BR2.3, qS BR3.1, qS BR3.2, qS BR3.5, qS BR3.6, qS BR5.1, qS BR7.1, qSBR8.1, qS BR9.1, qS BR9.2, qSBR9.3, qSBR12.1, qS BR12.2 and qS BR12.4) provided a foundation for marker-assisted selection in breeding. Analysis of allelic effect on the 20 putative loci identified 7 highly stable loci, including qS BR3.2, qS BR7.1, qS BR8.1, qSBR9.2, qSBR9.3, qSBR12.1 and qSBR12.2.     

数字图书馆著作权授权模式研究

主要探讨了五种适合数字图书馆发展的著作权授权模式,包括集体管理模式、授权要约模式、开放获取模式、补偿金支付模式和法定许可模式,通过这些授权模式可以在一定程度上解决我国图书馆数字化版权授权问题。