外源亚精胺对等渗盐胁迫下番茄幼苗抗氧化系统的影响

目的】探讨等渗盐胁迫下外源亚精胺(Spd)对番茄幼苗抗氧化系统的影响。【方法】采用水培法,以盐敏感型番茄品种‘中杂9号’为材料,以150mmol/L NaCl和100mmol/L Ca(NO_3)_2模拟等渗盐胁迫环境,设置5个处理,分别为:对照.1/2倍Hoagland营养液+叶面喷水;单独NaCl处理.150mmol/L NaCl溶液+叶面喷水;单独Ca(NO_3)_2处理.100mmol/L Ca(NO_3)_2溶液+叶面喷水;NaCl+Spd处理.150mmol/L NaCl溶液+叶面喷0.25mmol/L Spd;Ca(NO_3)_2+Spd处理.100mmol/L Ca(NO_3)_2溶液+叶面喷0.25mmol/L Spd,研究等渗盐胁迫下外源Spd对番茄幼苗生物量,超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~(-·))、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,相对质膜透性及抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)活性的影响。【结果】与对照相比,等渗NaCl、Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下,番茄幼苗生物量和SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性均显著降低,相对质膜透性、MDA、O_2~(-·)和H_2O_2含量均显著增加。与单独NaCl或Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫相比,2种盐胁迫下再喷施Spd后明显增加了番茄幼苗生物量和抗氧化酶活性,显著降低了相对质膜透性、MDA、O_2~(-·)和H_2O_2含量,且外源Spd对NaCl胁迫的调控效应更为显著。【结论】外源Spd可通过提高抗氧化酶活性来增强番茄幼苗清除体内活性氧(ROS)及降低膜透性的能力,缓解盐胁迫对番茄幼苗生长的抑制作用,从而提高番茄抗盐性。单独Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下植物受到的氧化伤害程度低于单独NaCl胁迫。     

An inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis — Difluoromethylornithine — and the polyamine spermidine for the control of gray mold(Botrytis Cinerea)

Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) — an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, and the polyamine spermidine (Spd) reduced gray mold of tomato, pepper, eggplant, bean andSenecio sp. leaves, and of rose petals by 37–88% when applied at 0.1–1.0 mM each. Higher doses did not result in better control. The disease was also reduced significantly on tomato fruits by 1.0 inM DFMO and by 0.1–1.0 mM Spd, and on cucumber fruits by 0.1–1.0 mM of both compounds, but not on grape berries. The combination of 0.2 mM DFMO with 1.0 mM Spd controlled gray mold ofSenecio sp. and tomato leaves additively better than either treatment alone, whereas this effect was not observed in leaves of lettuce and pepper. Ethylene production was reduced significantly by Spd applied to leaves of tomato and pepper, but not by DFMO. Linear growth and germination of the fungus were affected by lower concentrations of DFMO (ED50 0.12–0.97 and 1.4, respectively) as compared with Spd. Spermidine and DFMO controlled white mold(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) as effectively as did the fungicide benomyl. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 3195-E, 1991 series.     

共轭亚油酸对脂肪细胞成熟调控机理研究

共轭亚油酸(CLA．Conjugated linoleic acid)是一类具有顺、反异构体的十八碳二烯酸的统称,当前,CLA的生物学功能已成为研究热点,尤其在脂肪代谢调控上,具有降低脂肪沉积和血液胆固醇水平的功效。通过对CLA的脂肪细胞成熟(包括对脂肪细胞的增殖、分化,脂肪的沉积、甘油三磷酸的沉积等过程)调控机理的综合论述,以便为CLA更深入的研究提供参考。     

The effect of breed, stage of lactation and parity on sheep milk fat CLA content under the same feeding practices

The cis-9, trans-11 C_18:2 (CLA) content in milk fat of four pure sheep breeds (Awassi, Lacaune, Friesland and Chios) was examined. All sheep were kept indoors all year round under the same feeding practices, without any grazing at all. Sheep nutrition was based on alfalfa hay and concentrates. A total of 237 individual milk samples were collected at three sampling times (December, January and March) from sheep of different parity and different days in milk, for CLA determination. The results showed that: (a) there was a large variation in milk fat CLA content among individuals consuming the same diet, (b) the CLA content of milk fat was lower in Friesland breed, compared to the other three breeds but without any significant difference among the four sheep breeds, (c) the CLA content of milk fat was not affected by ewes parity or days in milk, (d) there was a negative but not significant correlation between milk fat and CLA concentration, (e) the CLA content of milk fat was not correlated with milk yield. In conclusion, no others factors, such as breed, parity, days in milk, etc., can affect CLA content in milk fat, which means that the dietary ones remain the sovereign factors explaining the highest proportion of CLA content variability in sheep milk fat.     

Concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in grazing sheep and goat milk fat

The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of grazing sheep and goat milk fat, throughout their lactation period, was examined. Six sheep and six goat representative farms were selected at random and milk samples were taken at monthly intervals for fatty acids profile determination. Sheep and goat nutrition was based on natural grazing and on supplementary feeding during the winter months. From April onwards, grazing native pastures was the only source of feed for sheep and goats. The University farm whose sheep are kept indoors all year round without any grazing, was also used as reference. Fifteen individual milk samples were also taken in April from a sheep and goat farm respectively, in order to see the variability of CLA inside the farm. The results showed that: a. the CLA content of grazing sheep and goat milk fat increased significantly in April–May (early growth stage of grass) and then declined while that of indoors kept sheep was more or less constant during the same period, b. the isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 of CLA were found in grazing sheep milk fat, while in indoors kept sheep and goats' milk fat only the cis-9, trans-11 isomer was found, c. the CLA content of sheep milk fat was much higher than that of goats, d. a negative correlation between sheep milk fat and CLA content was found and e. there was considerable variation in milk fat CLA content between sheep and goat farms and inside the farms.     

调控乳脂中共轭亚油酸的研究进展

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是亚油酸的一组构象和位置异构体,对人体健康有着重大的意义。而动物食品是CLA的重要来源,通过调控提高牛乳中CLA的含量,近年来成为研究的热点。本文主要阐述了CLA的结构、生理作用和调控乳中CLA合成的研究进展。     

亚精胺对镉胁迫下杞柳生长和生理特性的影响

为研究外源亚精胺对镉胁迫下杞柳生长和生理特性的影响,采用营养液培养试验,通过不同浓度(0、10、20、30、40 mg·L~(-1))的Cd2+胁迫处理,探明Cd2+对杞柳的半抑制浓度;研究在半抑制浓度下施用外源亚精胺(0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 mmol·L~(-1))对镉胁迫的缓解效应。结果表明:镉胁迫对杞柳的半抑制浓度为24.50 mg·L~(-1);施用外源亚精胺可以有效缓解镉胁迫对杞柳生长的抑制作用,外源亚精胺处理相对生长率较对照增加44.97%～102.76%,过氧化氢含量下降54.08%～67.39%;其中0.4 mmol·L~(-1)亚精胺处理下相对生长率、根系节点数、连接数、分叉数的增长幅度均为最高,分别增加102.76%、50.33%、25.20%和25.42%,其总蛋白含量上升43.43%,产生超氧阴离子活力单位与过氧化氢含量分别下降46.35%和67.39%。研究表明,喷施亚精胺能有效缓解杞柳幼苗镉胁迫,其最佳施用浓度为0.4 mmol·L~(-1)。     

渗透胁迫对玉米幼苗根尖线粒体ATPase活性与结合态多胺含量的影响

[目的]探讨线粒体膜上结合态多胺与渗透胁迫的关系。[方法]以抗旱性不同的玉米(Zea maysL.)品种农大108(抗旱性较强)和掖单13(抗旱性较弱)幼苗为材料,研究在聚乙二醇(PEG)-6000渗透胁迫下,幼苗根线粒体ATPase水解活性与膜上非共价结合态亚精胺(Spd)含量的关系。[结果]渗透胁迫条件下,抗性强的农大108的ATPase活性下降的幅度明显小于抗性弱的品种掖单13,而农大108的线粒体膜上非共价结合亚精胺的上升幅度明显大于掖单13。外源Spd处理,明显促进了掖单13在胁迫条件下非共价结合Spd含量的增加,同时抑制其在胁迫条件下ATPase活性的降低,从而提高了掖单13幼苗的抗性;Spd生物合成的专一性抑制剂——甲基乙二醛-双(鸟嘌呤腙)(MGBG)处理,显著抑制了农大108在胁迫条件下膜上非共价结合Spd的增加,同时促进其在胁迫条件下ATPase活性的降低,从而明显降低了农大108幼苗的抗性。[结论]线粒体膜上的非共价结合的Spd可能通过维持ATPase活性的稳定来提高玉米幼苗的抗渗透胁迫能力。     

嗜酸乳杆菌生产共轭亚油酸的发酵条件研究

[目的]为提高微生物法发酵合成共轭亚油酸(CLA)的产量,优化嗜酸乳杆菌生产共轭亚油酸的发酵条件.[方法]试验以亚油酸为底物,利用嗜酸乳杆菌合成共轭亚油酸,选取对CLA的生成量影响显著的几个因素:底物浓度、接种量、pH、发酵时间、发酵温度进行单因素试验,并在此基础上进行正交试验优化发酵条件.[结果]单因素试验得到的最优发酵条件为底物浓度1.0 mg/ml、接种量4％、初始pH 5.5、发酵时间48 h、发酵温度37℃.正交试验发现,底物浓度、发酵时间、发酵温度显著影响CLA的合成产量.最终得到的最优发酵条件为底物浓度为1.5 mg/ml、接种量2％、初始pH 5.5、发酵时间36 h、发酵温度33℃.用气质联用法对产物进行定性分析,证明产物是c-9,t-11 CLA.此时,CLA的产量为91.54 μg/ml.[结论]试验优化了共轭亚油酸的发酵条件,为更有效率地利用嗜酸乳杆菌生产共轭亚油酸提供了理论依据.     

外源亚精胺对涝胁迫下玉米幼苗根的氧化伤害缓解效应

[目的]研究亚精胺对涝胁迫下玉米幼苗根系抗氧化代谢酶活性及膜质过氧化产物的影响,为多胺的农业实践应用提供理论依据.[方法]以两个抗涝性不同的玉米品种(郑单958,抗涝性较弱;浚单22,抗涝性较强)为材料,设置正常供水、涝胁迫和涝胁迫+1 mmol/L亚精胺3个处理,处理6d后取幼苗根测定其抗氧化代谢酶活性及膜质过氧化产物含量.[结果]涝胁迫下,两个品种玉米幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性、幼苗相对干物质增长速率(RDWIR)和根系活力均下降,相对电解质渗漏率(RELR)、超氧阴离子(C2(ˉ))产生速率和丙二醛(MDA)含量上升,且对抗涝性较弱的郑单958影响较为明显.施加亚精胺后,明显提高了涝胁迫下抗涝性较弱的郑单958幼苗根系的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸氧化酶(APX)活性、RDWIR和根系活力,降低了RELR、O2(ˉ)产生速率和MDA含量;与涝胁迫相比,其SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性、RDWIR和根系活力分别上升了46.4％、50.0％、96.0％、31.0％、33.5％和73.8％,而RELR、O2(ˉ)产生速率和MDA含量分别下降了28.4％、33.6％和19.4％.[结论]适当浓度的亚精胺能通过提高玉米幼苗根系中抗氧化代谢酶活性来降低O2(ˉ)的产生速率和MDA积累量,缓解涝胁迫对玉米根系质膜的伤害,从而提高玉米幼苗根系活力,促进玉米幼苗生长.